Adrenal + Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 hormones do the adrenal glands release?

A

aldosterone

cortisol

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2
Q

what hormone does cortisol inhibit?

A

insulin

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3
Q

does cortisol increase or decrease sugar levels?

A

increase

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4
Q

what are the 2 main causes of cushing’s syndrome?

A

*1. steroid drug use

  1. tumors secreting cortisol or ACTH (MC adrenal)
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5
Q

what are some s/s of cushing’s syndrome?

A

central obesity (moon face, buffalo hump)

catabolic effects (wasting, thin skin)

diabetes

hypertension

osteopenia/porosis

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6
Q

what lab test diagnoses cushing’s syndrome?

A

dexamethasone suppression test

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7
Q

what should normally happen when you administer dexamethasone?

A

suppresses ACTH/cortisol

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8
Q

what should you think if you administer dexamethasone and there is no response?

A

tumor secreting ACTH/cortisol

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9
Q

for cushings syndrome, what do you measure in a 24h urine?

A

free cortisol : creatinine

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10
Q

how do you treat cushings disease (if not caused by steroids)

A

resect tumor

postop cortisol

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11
Q

why do we taper steroids

A

may cause chronic suppression of adrenal glands when quickly d/c

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12
Q

what should you suspect in anyone with fatigue, weakness, or HoTN w/ really nonspecific sx?

A

adrenal insufficiency

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13
Q

what is an autoimmune cause of adrenal insufficiency?

A

addison’s disease

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14
Q

when do you check cortisol levels for someone with adrenal insufficiency?

A

in the morning

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15
Q

what will you see on CT scan of someone with addisons?

A

non-calcified, small adrenals

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16
Q

how do you diagnose adrenal insufficiency?

A

cosyntropin (synthetic ACTH) stimulation test

17
Q

how do you treat adrenal insufficiency?

A

gluco/mineralcorticoid replacement

diurnal pattern

18
Q

by how much must you increase glucocorticoid replacement therapy during times of stress?

19
Q

what should you suspect in someone with suppressed adrenals + a stress event that has HoTN that doesn’t respond?

A

acute adrenal insufficiency

20
Q

how do you tx acute adrenal insufficiency?

A

IV hydrocortisone

rapid isotonic fluids

21
Q

why are you so rapidly giving fluids for acute adrenal insufficiency?

A

it’s a life-threatening emergency

22
Q

what rare cause of 2ndary HTN is caused by a tumor of the adrenal medulla that increases NE and epi?

A

pheochromocytoma

23
Q

how might a pt present with pheochromocytoma

A

sustained HTN

bad HA

sweating

palpitations

24
Q

how do you diagnose pheochromocytoma?

A

24h urine for catecholamines + metanephrines

25
how do you tx pheochromocytoma?
surgery + alpha blockers + beta blockers
26
what does PTH do?
calcium homeostasis osteoclastic activity
27
if a person has hypoparathyroidism, will Ca be high or low
low
28
what deficiency may hypoparathyroidism lead to?
Mg
29
what are some of the more unique s/s or hypoparathyroidism?
carpopedal spasm seizures paresthesias personality changes Chvostek's sign + Trosseau's sign dry, thin nails, hyperactive reflexes
30
in hypoparathyroidism will PO4 be high or low
high
31
in hyperparathyroidism is Ca high or low
high
32
hyperparathyroidism is usually an incidental finding, but what might clue you into the dx?
" psychic moans, abdominal groans, kidney stones, painful bones"
33
how do you treat hyperparathyroidism?
NS + furosemide
34
what are the qualifications for surgery on hyperparathyroidism?
if sx: must have bone disease or stones if asx: must have low bone density, be in 2nd trimester, or not have calcuria