Adrenal glands, kidneys, abdominal wall

Question 1

Where are adrenal glands found?

Answer 1

Top kidney

Question 2

What 3 arteries supply adrenal glands?

Answer 2

1) Superior adrenal gland- branch inferior phrenic
2) Middle adrenal- branch abdominal aorta
3) Inferior adrenal artery- branch renal artery

Question 3

What is venous drainage if adrenal glands?

Answer 3

Single vein
Right adrenal- IVC
Left adrenal- left renal- IVC

Question 4

What structure adrenal glands?
Function?

Answer 4

Cortex (outer)- prod steroid hormones- cortisol, aldosteorne, testosterone
Medulla (inner)- adrenaline

Question 5

Name 3 steroid hormones produced by adrenal glands?
Where produced?

Answer 5

Cortisol
Aldosterone
Testosterone

Produced cortex

Question 6

Where is adrenaline produced?

Answer 6

Medulla adrenal gland

Question 7

Where is cortisol and testosterone produced?

Answer 7

Cortex adrenal glands

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

What 2 structures in adrenal gland?

Answer 10

Cortex
Medulla

Question 11

Function cortex adrenal glands?
3 regions?

Answer 11

Secrete corticosteroids and androgens
Zona glomerulosa- mineralcorticoids (ald)
Zona fasciculata- corticosteroids (cortisol)
Zona reticularis- androgens (test)

Question 12

What cells secrete adrenaline?
Where located?

Answer 12

Chromaffin cells
Medulla adrenal glands

Question 13

What is released response stress?
Where from?

Answer 13

Adrenaline
Chromaffin cells in medulla of adrenal gland

Question 14

What type of structure are kidneys considered?

Answer 14

Extra peritoneal
Retroperitoneal

Question 15

What covers kidney?

Answer 15

Renal fascia

Question 16

Where do vessels, nerves and urether enter/leave kidney?

Answer 16

Renal hilum

Question 17

Arterial supply kidneys?

Answer 17

Left and right renal arteries
Abdominal aorta

Question 18

Venous drainage of kidneys?

Answer 18

L and R renal veins
Inferior vena cava

Question 19

What is functional part of kidney?
Function?

Answer 19

Nephrons
Filter blood, reabsorb water and solutes, excrete and secrete waste products- urine

Question 20

Where is bowmans capsule, proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts found?
Where is loop of henle found?

Answer 20

Bowmans- Cortex kidney
Loop of Henle- renal pyramids kidney

Question 21

State passage urine?

Answer 21

Collecting ducts
Travel down pyramid toward renal papilla (apex)
Enter minor calyce
Minor calyce merge form major calyce
Major calyce merge form renal pelvis
Renal pelvis continuous ureter
Ureter carry urine to bladder

Question 22

Answer 22

1. Human urinary system: 2. Kidney, 3. Renal pelvis, 4. Ureter, 5. Urinary bladder, 6. Urethra. (Left side with frontal section)
2. Adrenal gland
   Vessels: 8. Renal artery and vein, 9. Inferior vena cava, 10. Abdominal aorta, 11. Common iliac artery and vein
   Transparent: 12. Liver, 13. Large intestine, 14. Pelvis

Question 23

Urine passage

Answer 23

Question 24

Outline flow urine?

Answer 24

Renal tubules nephron
Collecting ducts
Papillary ducts (toward apex)
Minor calyces
Major calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

Question 25

Explain how urine is formed?

Answer 25

Blood reach bowmans capsule and glomerulus- blood plasma filtered out Glomerular filtrate down PCT- water, glucose aa reabsorbed Loop of henle- Na+ and K+ reabsorbed DCT Collecting duct- water reabsorbed- urine concentrated Papillary ducts Open at apex renal pyramid- minor calyce Major calyce Open into renal pelvis Ureter- travel out kidney through hilum Urinary bladder Urethra Urethra opening

Question 26

Where does concentration urine occur?

Answer 26

Collecting duct

Question 27

What is loin to groin pain symptom of?

Answer 27

Kidney stones T12-L2

Question 28

Why are UTI's more common girls?

Answer 28

Urethra shorter Bacteria get in

Question 29

What place is kindey stone most likely present?

Answer 29

Ureter narrows 1. Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) – between the renal pelvis and ureter. 2. Pelvic brim - where the ureter runs over the pelvic brim, anterior to the iliac artery. 3. Vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ) - where the ureter joins the bladder

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Where are renal pyramids in kidney? Contain?

Answer 34

Renal medulla Nephron

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

State kidney structure? Deep to superficial

Answer 36

Renal capsule – tough fibrous capsule. Perirenal fat – collection of extraperitoneal fat. Renal fascia- encloses the kidneys and the suprarenal glands. Pararenal fat – mainly located on the posterolateral aspect of the kidney.

Question 37

What can internal structure of kidney be divided into?

Answer 37

Outer cortex Inner medulla

Question 38

What is apex of pyramid called?

Answer 38

Renal papilla

Question 39

What is renal papilla associated with?

Answer 39

Minor calyx- collect urine from pyramids

Question 40

Where does urine go after mojor calices?

Answer 40

Renal pelvis

Question 41

Where do renal vessels/ureter enter?

Answer 41

Renal hilum

Question 42

Where is: Glomerulus Proximal tubule Loop of henle Distal tubule Collecting duct located?

Answer 42

Cortex Glomerulus Proximal tubule Distal tubule Medulla Loop of Henle Collecting duct

Question 43

What is arterial supply to kidney?

Answer 43

Renal artery Abdominal aorta

Question 44

What are divisions renal artery?

Answer 44

Renal artery enter renal hilum Anterior and posterior Segmental Divide and supply renal parenchyma

Question 45

What form lumbar plexus?

Answer 45

L1-L4 cont T12

Question 46

Function of lumber plexus?

Answer 46

Innervate skin and muscles abdominal wall and thigh

Question 47

What nerves supply: External genitalia Lateral thigh Anterior thigh Medial thigh

Answer 47

External genitalia- ilioingual, genitofemoraL Lateral thigh- lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Anterior thigh- femoral nerve Medial thigh- obturator nerve

Question 48

At what point does thoracic aorta pierce diaphragm? What does it descend as?

Answer 48

T12 Abdominal aorta

Question 49

At what point does abdominal aorta bifurcate into L and R iliac?

Answer 49

L4

Question 50

What forms inferior vena cava? Lvl?

Answer 50

Union L and R common iliac veins L5

Question 51

What does left gonadal vein drain into?

Answer 51

Left renal vein

Question 52

Answer 52

Question 53

Answer 53

Question 54

Answer 54

Question 55

Answer 55