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GU anatomy > Adrenal glands, kidneys, abdominal wall > Flashcards

Adrenal glands, kidneys, abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

Where are adrenal glands found?

A

Top kidney

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2
Q

What 3 arteries supply adrenal glands?

A

1) Superior adrenal gland- branch inferior phrenic
2) Middle adrenal- branch abdominal aorta
3) Inferior adrenal artery- branch renal artery

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3
Q

What is venous drainage if adrenal glands?

A

Single vein
Right adrenal- IVC
Left adrenal- left renal- IVC

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4
Q

What structure adrenal glands?
Function?

A

Cortex (outer)- prod steroid hormones- cortisol, aldosteorne, testosterone
Medulla (inner)- adrenaline

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5
Q

Name 3 steroid hormones produced by adrenal glands?
Where produced?

A

Cortisol
Aldosterone
Testosterone

Produced cortex

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6
Q

Where is adrenaline produced?

A

Medulla adrenal gland

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7
Q

Where is cortisol and testosterone produced?

A

Cortex adrenal glands

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8
Q
A
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

What 2 structures in adrenal gland?

A

Cortex
Medulla

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11
Q

Function cortex adrenal glands?
3 regions?

A

Secrete corticosteroids and androgens
Zona glomerulosa- mineralcorticoids (ald)
Zona fasciculata- corticosteroids (cortisol)
Zona reticularis- androgens (test)

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12
Q

What cells secrete adrenaline?
Where located?

A

Chromaffin cells
Medulla adrenal glands

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13
Q

What is released response stress?
Where from?

A

Adrenaline
Chromaffin cells in medulla of adrenal gland

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14
Q

What type of structure are kidneys considered?

A

Extra peritoneal
Retroperitoneal

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15
Q

What covers kidney?

A

Renal fascia

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16
Q

Where do vessels, nerves and urether enter/leave kidney?

A

Renal hilum

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17
Q

Arterial supply kidneys?

A

Left and right renal arteries
Abdominal aorta

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18
Q

Venous drainage of kidneys?

A

L and R renal veins
Inferior vena cava

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19
Q

What is functional part of kidney?
Function?

A

Nephrons
Filter blood, reabsorb water and solutes, excrete and secrete waste products- urine

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20
Q

Where is bowmans capsule, proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts found?
Where is loop of henle found?

A

Bowmans- Cortex kidney
Loop of Henle- renal pyramids kidney

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21
Q

State passage urine?

A

Collecting ducts
Travel down pyramid toward renal papilla (apex)
Enter minor calyce
Minor calyce merge form major calyce
Major calyce merge form renal pelvis
Renal pelvis continuous ureter
Ureter carry urine to bladder

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22
Q
A
  1. Human urinary system: 2. Kidney, 3. Renal pelvis, 4. Ureter, 5. Urinary bladder, 6. Urethra. (Left side with frontal section)
  2. Adrenal gland
    Vessels: 8. Renal artery and vein, 9. Inferior vena cava, 10. Abdominal aorta, 11. Common iliac artery and vein
    Transparent: 12. Liver, 13. Large intestine, 14. Pelvis
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23
Q

Urine passage

A
24
Q

Outline flow urine?

A

Renal tubules nephron
Collecting ducts
Papillary ducts (toward apex)
Minor calyces
Major calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

25
Q

Explain how urine is formed?

A

Blood reach bowmans capsule and glomerulus- blood plasma filtered out
Glomerular filtrate down PCT- water, glucose aa reabsorbed
Loop of henle- Na+ and K+ reabsorbed
DCT
Collecting duct- water reabsorbed- urine concentrated
Papillary ducts
Open at apex renal pyramid- minor calyce
Major calyce
Open into renal pelvis
Ureter- travel out kidney through hilum
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Urethra opening

26
Q

Where does concentration urine occur?

A

Collecting duct

27
Q

What is loin to groin pain symptom of?

A

Kidney stones
T12-L2

28
Q

Why are UTI’s more common girls?

A

Urethra shorter
Bacteria get in

29
Q

What place is kindey stone most likely present?

A

Ureter narrows
1. Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) – between the renal pelvis and ureter.
2. Pelvic brim - where the ureter runs over the pelvic brim, anterior to the iliac artery.
3. Vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ) - where the ureter joins the bladder

30
Q
A
31
Q
A
32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q

Where are renal pyramids in kidney?
Contain?

A

Renal medulla
Nephron

35
Q
A
36
Q

State kidney structure? Deep to superficial

A

Renal capsule – tough fibrous capsule.
Perirenal fat – collection of extraperitoneal fat.
Renal fascia- encloses the kidneys and the suprarenal glands.
Pararenal fat – mainly located on the posterolateral aspect of the kidney.

37
Q

What can internal structure of kidney be divided into?

A

Outer cortex
Inner medulla

38
Q

What is apex of pyramid called?

A

Renal papilla

39
Q

What is renal papilla associated with?

A

Minor calyx- collect urine from pyramids

40
Q

Where does urine go after mojor calices?

A

Renal pelvis

41
Q

Where do renal vessels/ureter enter?

A

Renal hilum

42
Q

Where is:
Glomerulus
Proximal tubule
Loop of henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct located?

A

Cortex
Glomerulus
Proximal tubule
Distal tubule

Medulla
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct

43
Q

What is arterial supply to kidney?

A

Renal artery
Abdominal aorta

44
Q

What are divisions renal artery?

A

Renal artery enter renal hilum
Anterior and posterior
Segmental
Divide and supply renal parenchyma

45
Q

What form lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4 cont T12

46
Q

Function of lumber plexus?

A

Innervate skin and muscles abdominal wall and thigh

47
Q

What nerves supply:
External genitalia
Lateral thigh
Anterior thigh
Medial thigh

A

External genitalia- ilioingual, genitofemoraL
Lateral thigh- lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Anterior thigh- femoral nerve
Medial thigh- obturator nerve

48
Q

At what point does thoracic aorta pierce diaphragm?
What does it descend as?

A

T12
Abdominal aorta

49
Q

At what point does abdominal aorta bifurcate into L and R iliac?

A

L4

50
Q

What forms inferior vena cava?
Lvl?

A

Union L and R common iliac veins
L5

51
Q

What does left gonadal vein drain into?

A

Left renal vein

52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A

GU anatomy (7 decks)

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