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CABS endocrine > Adrenal glands > Flashcards

Adrenal glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are adrenals surrounded by

A

greets fascia

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2
Q

What structures are contained in the retroperitoneum

A

Kidney
ureters
adrenals
rectum
aorta

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3
Q

Where do the adrenals get blood supply from

A

Suprarenal and phrenic artery

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4
Q

What does the left venous system attach to

A

Renal vein

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5
Q

What does the right side venous system attach to

A

IVC

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6
Q

What innervates the adrenal glands

A

Celiac plexus and splanchnic nerve

*come off lateral spinal horn

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7
Q

What does the medulla secrete

A

Catecholamines

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8
Q

What does the adrenal cortex secrete

A

Aldosterone
cortisol
androgens

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9
Q

What is the primary driver of aldosterone

A

RAAS

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10
Q

What are the layers of the adrenal cortex

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

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11
Q

What is cortisol important for

A

suppress inflammation and regulate glucose

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12
Q

What do mineral corticoids effect

A

Electrolytes

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13
Q

How does ACTH effect LDL

A

It up regulates the intake of LDL and breakdown into usable cholesterol

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14
Q

Where is cholesterol broken down

A

liver

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15
Q

What causes aldosterone to be secreted

A

Angiotensin 2

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16
Q

What is the most potent mineralocorticoid

A

aldosterone

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17
Q

How fast would someone die without any mineralocorticoids

A

3-14 days

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18
Q

What is refractory HTN

A

Unable to control HTN with 3+ meds

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19
Q

What is responsible for inhibiting RAAS when blood pressure is too high

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

20
Q

What is the most potent steroid hormone

A

Glucocorticoids

21
Q

How do glucocorticoids effect carbohydrate metabolism

A

Inhibits insulin acting on the liver

reduces overall insulin sensitivity

Overall it increases glucose levels

22
Q

How do glucocorticoids help with inflammation

A

they block the release of the inflammatory markers

if inflammation has already started = reduction in effects and increase healing

decrease capillary permeability

23
Q

How do glucocorticoids effect fat metabolism

A

it mobilizes our fat for energy and ends up having fat deposits in the face and torso

24
Q

what is the most potent glucocorticoid in the body

A

cortisol

25
Q

What does cortisol do

A

during stress it increases BP and CO, increases lypolysis in extremities, lipogenesis of trunk/face and atrophy of lymphoid tissue (immunosuppression)

26
Q

What does DHEA stimulate

A

testosterone in men

27
Q

What is DHEA important for

A

development of male sex organs and sexual characteristics

28
Q

When are catecholamines released

A

In response to stress

29
Q

what is psychologic stress driven by

A

limbic system

30
Q

What is cushings syndrome

A

excess cortisol levels and clinical presentation of this

31
Q

What is Cushing disease

A

excess ACTH leading to hypercortisolism

32
Q

What are the causes of cushings syndrome

A

pituitary adenoma
hypothalamic dysfunction
paraneoplastic syndrome

33
Q

What causes Cushing like syndrome

A

we did it!
steroids

34
Q

What occurs when there are increased androgens associated with increased ACTH stimulation

A

increased acne
hirsutism

35
Q

What is Addisons disease

A

adrenal insufficiency

36
Q

How can invasion of extra pulmonary TB effect the adrenals

A

Cause Addisons disease

37
Q

What are some effects of mineralocorticoid deficiency

A

Hyperkalemia
hyponatremia

38
Q

What occurs with glucocorticoid deficiency

A

Person will not respond appropriately to stress

39
Q

How does Addisons disease effect the skin

A

will cause an increase in melanin secretion

40
Q

What is Addisonian crisis

A

pt. w/ Addisons have increased metabolic demand during disease/stress

41
Q

What is occurring in the body with Adrenal crisis

A

body is not able to compensate for demands
*need for glucocorticoid increases

42
Q

What will occur with hypoaldosteronism

A

pt. will become hypovolemic, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemic

43
Q

What is Conn’s syndrome

A

primary hyperaldosteronism and is associated with zone glomerulosa tumor

44
Q

How will hyperaldosteronism present

A

hypertension
hypokalemia

45
Q

What is a pheochromocytoma

A

Tumor of chromatin cells of the adrenal medulla = increased catecholamine secretion

46
Q

What is the genetic predisposition for pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2

47
Q

What is the presentation triad with a pheochromocytoma

A

Headache
sweating
tachycardia

CABS endocrine (5 decks)

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