Adrenal Gland Hormones

Question 1

Mineralocorticoids include

Answer 1

Aldosterone
Deoxycorticosterone
Corticosterone
11 deoxycorticosterol

Question 2

Mineralocorticoids release is stimulated directly by

Answer 2

ACTH
K+
Low osmolarity
Angiotensin II

Question 3

Mineralocorticoids release is stimulated indirectly by?

Answer 3

Low Blood pressure

Low macula densa tubular fluid flow

Question 4

Important enzyme in the aldosterone synthesis is?

Answer 4

P450 aldosterone synthase

Question 5

Zona glomerulosa makes about _______ % of the total adrenal cortex

Answer 5

15%

Question 6

Zona glomerulosa has ____________ capillaries

Answer 6

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 7

Half life of aldosterone is?

Answer 7

20 minutes

Question 8

______________ and ______________ enzymes are only present in zona glomerulosa

Answer 8

18-hydroxylase and 18-HSDH

Question 9

Immediate precursor of aldosterone is?

Answer 9

18 OH corticosterone

Question 10

Aldosterone exists in two forms that are?

Answer 10

18-Aldehyde form

11-Hemiacetyl form

Question 11

Aldosterone acts on kidneys principal cells to increase reabsorption of ___________ and decrease excretion of ___________

Answer 11

Sodium

Potassium

Question 12

Aldosterone increases the secretion of ______ and absorption of ______ from the intercalated cells of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 12

H ions secretion and HCO3- absorption

Question 13

High Aldosterone can lead to __________ (Acidosis/Alkalosis)

Answer 13

Alkalosis

Question 14

High aldosterone can lead to __________ (hypotension/hypertension)

Answer 14

Hypertension

Question 15

What is aldosterone escape?

Answer 15

High blood pressure due to high aldosterone leads to pressure natriuresis and diuresis

Question 16

High aldosterone can lead to ___________ (hypokalemia/Hyponatremia)

Answer 16

Hypokalemia

Question 17

Alkalosis in conn syndrome occurs due to?

Answer 17

Hypokalemia (K+ leaves the cells to balance the K levels outside but this requires H in to move in the cells leading to alkalosis)

Question 18

Aldosterone stimulated the salivary, sweat glands and intestine to reabsorb ______ and ______

Answer 18

Na and Cl

Question 19

Aldosterone stimulated the salivary, sweat glands and intestine to secrete ______ and ______

Answer 19

HCO3- and K+

Question 20

If aldosterone is low, then it may lead to ___________ (diarrhea/constipation)

Answer 20

Diarrhea because the sodium and chloride are not absorbed from the GI tract and water follows them)

Question 21

Low aldosterone can lead to low cardiac output and low ECF volume. This can cause?

Answer 21

Shock and death within 4 days to 2 weeks if no therapy is given

Question 22

Aldosterone receptors have an enzyme ___________ that inactivate cortisol.

Answer 22

11 B HSDH. They are present in kidneys and colon

Question 23

Low sodium, low ECF volume, high H+ ions, and high RBC concentrations are symptoms of?

Answer 23

Aldosterone deficiency (Adrenal insufficiency/Addison’s Disease)