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Endocrine Final Exam > Adrenal Disorders > Flashcards

Adrenal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following is NOT produced by the cortex?
A. Androgen
B. Glucocorticoids
C. Catecholamines
D. Mineralocorticoids
A

C. Catecholamines

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2
Q 
Aldosterone is produced in what part of the cortex?
A. Zona glomerulosa
B. Zona Fasciculata
C. Zona Reticularis
D. Medulla
A

A. Zona glomerulosa (produces mineralocorticoids)

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3
Q 
Cortisol is produced in what part of the cortex?
A. Zona glomerulosa
B. Zona Fasciculata
C. Zona Reticularis
D. Medulla
A

B. Zona Fasciculata (produces glucocorticoids)

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4
Q 
Androgens are produced in what part of the cortex?
A. Zona glomerulosa
B. Zona Fasciculata
C. Zona Reticularis
D. Medulla
A

C. Zona Reticularis (such as testosterone and estradiol)

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5
Q 
Which of the following is/are 21-carbon hormones?
A. Mineralocorticoids
B. Glucocorticoids
C. Androgens
D. A and B
E. A and C
A

D. A and B

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6
Q 
Which of the following is/are 19-carbon hormones?
A. Mineralocorticoids
B. Glucocorticoids
C. Androgens
D. A and B
E. A and C
A

C. Androgens

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7
Q

The first step in hormone synthesis in the adrenal gland involves _____.

A

Cholesterol

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8
Q

The second step in hormone synthesis in the adrenal gland involves _____.

A

Progenolone

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9
Q

What causes the release of renin in the RAA system?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

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10
Q

What is the purpose of renin release in the RAA system?

A

Conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

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11
Q

Angiotensin II in the RAA system causes the activation of _____.

A

Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 receptor)

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12
Q

AT1 receptor in the RAA system causes the release of ________.

A

Aldosterone

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13
Q

True or False: The release of aldosterone causes the renal retention of sodium and potassium.

A

FALSE: It only causes the retention of sodium, and increases potassium secretion.

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14
Q

What triggers the RAA system to produce aldosterone?

A

Hypotension, Hypovolemia (low sodium, low fluids)

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15
Q 
Androgen release is increased during \_\_\_\_.
A. Puberty
B. Aging
C. Fasting states
D. Two of the above
E. All of the above
A

A. Puberty

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16
Q 
Androgen release is decreased during \_\_\_\_.
A. Puberty
B. Aging
C. Fasting states
D. Two of the above
E. All of the above
A

D. Two of the above (aging and fasting states)

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17
Q

Increase in androgen release causes ___ in women.

A

Hirsutism

18
Q

Name some signs/symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome?

A 
Weight gain (Most common)
Facial rounding 
Buffalo hump
Bruising
Purple striae 
Long term effects:
- Osteoporosis
- Depression
- Hypertension/Hypotension
19
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following must be used with Metyrapone because it has higher relapse rates?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
A

B. Aminoglutethimide

20
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following is not often used because of its severe adverse effects, such as ataxia and severe sedation, due to its broad mechanism of action (inhibits conversion of cholesterol to progenolone)?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

B. Aminoglutethimide

21
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following requires monitoring of LFTs due to reversible LFT elevations?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

A. Ketoconazole

22
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following is an adrenolytic agent?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

C. Mitotane

23
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following is a neuromodulator?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

D. Cyproheptadine

24
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following is a glucocorticoid-receptor blocker?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

E. Mifepristone

25
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following is an abortive agent?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

E. Mifepristone

26
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following is not recommended in women who want to get pregnant in the next 5 years due to the fact that it is stored in adipose tissue for years after discontinuation?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

C. Mitotane

27
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following has anti-androgenic effects?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

A. Ketoconazole

28
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following should not be used in women due to its increase in androgenic effects?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

F. Metyrapone

29
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following causes increase in anti-cholinergic effects, weight gain, and/or sedation due to its mechanism as a histamine and serotonin antagonist?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

D. Cyproheptadine

30
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following takes weeks to months to kick in due to its mechanism as an adrenolytic agent?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

C. Mitotane

31
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following takes weeks to months to kick in (multiple answers possible)?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

A. Ketoconazole

C. Mitotane

32
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following should not be used in men due to its anti-androgenic effects that can lead to hypogonadism?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

A. Ketoconazole

33
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following requires monitoring of blood pressure as well as electrolytes?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

F. Metyrapone

34
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following may require potassium supplementation due to its hypokalemic effects?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

E. Mifepristone

35
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following require serum potassium monitoring (multiple answers)?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

C. Mitotane

E. Mifepristone

36
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following requires pregnancy testing in women of child-bearing age before initiation?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

E. Mifepristone

37
Q 
In treatment of Cushing's Syndrome, which of the following can cause neurological disturbances in about 40% of patients, which is why patients who are starting this medication are often hospitalized and monitored?
A. Ketoconazole
B. Aminoglutethimide
C. Mitotane
D. Cyproheptadine
E. Mifepristone
F. Metyrapone
A

C. Mitotane

38
Q

A disease that is an example of primary adrenal insufficiency is ____.

A

Addison’s Disease

39
Q

True or False: Autoimmune related disorders, such as T1DM, lupus, and MS, can contribute to development of primary adrenal insufficiency.

A

True

40
Q

A risk factor for adrenal insufficiency is patients who are on medications that inhibit cortisol production. These would include CYP450 inducers, such as _____, ____, ___, and _____.

A

Ketoconazole
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Phenobarbital

41
Q

Adrenal insufficiency is test for using which of the following tests?
A. Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test
B. Short cosyntropin stimulation test
C. Prenatal testing
D. Mineralocorticoid suppression test

A

B. Short cosyntropin stimulation test

Endocrine Final Exam (3 decks)

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