ADR Flashcards
Definition of contraindication
A specific situation which a drug should NOT be used bcs it may be HARMFUL to a person.
Definition of special precaution
A condition that may INCREASE the RISK of an adverse reaction`
Definition of ADR
Unwanted & Undesirable effect of a Drug at doses NORMALLY used in a man for therapy
Symptoms of for ADR
- Discontinuing the drug
- Modifying dose
- Necessitating hospital admission
- Temporary/ Permanent harm, disability or death
Definition of ADE
Untoward medical occurrence of a drug which DOES NOT NECESSARILY have a causal relationship with the treatment
- A harm experienced by a pt as a result of exposure to a medication
Diff btw ADR & ADE
- ADR occurs in APPROPRIATE dose range; ADE can be associated w inappropriate use of the drug (overdose), medication error (drug2 interaction)
- cause of ADR can be DIRECTLY attributed to a drug; ADE does NOT require a causal relationship w pharmacology of the drug
How many classes of ADR
5 classes,
Type A (Augmented),
Type B (Bizarre),
Type C (Chronic),
Type D (Delayed),
`Type E (End of Dose)
Properties of Type A
Common, dose-DEPENDENT, predictable, LOW mortality,
% Augmentation of known pharmacological effect
Exp of Type A ADR
Antihistamines causes drowsiness, COX-2 selective inhibitor causes thromboembolism`
Properties of Type B ADR
Uncommon, dose-INDependent, unpredictable, HIGH mortality, hypersensitivity, idiosyncratic (distinctive)
%UNrelated to pharmacological effect
Exp of Type B ADR
Penicillin causes anaphylaxis (severe allergic)
How many types of Hypersensitivity
Type I, II, III, IV
What is Type I hypersensitivity
IgE-mediated,
- Drug-IgE complex binds to mast cells with release of histamine > anaphylaxis, angioedema (lips swollen)
What is Type II hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic
- IgG/IgM directed at drug-hapten coated cell > haemolytic anemia
Type III hypersensitivity
Immunocomplex
- Drug-Ab complex deposition w complement activation and inflammation
