Adominal Viscera Flashcards
What is the difference between retroperitoneal vs intraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal is outside the visceral peritoneum and does not have a mesentery.
Intraperitoneal is suspended by the mesentery within the visceral peritoneum
How many layers does the mesentery have?
2 layers or double layer of peritoneum connecting parietal and visceral layers
What does the mesentery supply?
Vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes to supporting organs
Define the location of 2 of the mesentery.
Dorsal and Ventral Mesentery
What two structures are within the Ventral Mesentery?
Lesser omentum and Falciform ligament
The mesentery suspends what two structures?
The Jejunum and Ileum (small intestine)
Dorsal mesentery (intraperitoneal)
Describe the Jejunum in relation to the mesentery.
The Jejunum is larger in diameter, 1-2 arcades, and long vasa recta, more plicae circulares, less mesenteric fat
Describe the ileum in relation to the mesentery.
The ileum is smaller in diameter, multiple arcades, shorter vasa recta, fewer/no plicae, more mesenteric fat
What structures are located in the foregut?
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Esophagus
Stomach
Spleen
Lesser Omentum (ventral mesentery)
Greater Omemtum (dorsal mesentery)
What are the structures of the midgut?
Ascending Colon
Cecum
Appendix
Pancreas
Transverse Colon ( 2/3 )
Small Intestine (Jejunum and ileum)
What are the structures for the Hindgut?
Distal transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
What is the major artery for the foregut?
Celiac trunk
What is the major artery for the midgut?
Superior mesentery artery (SMA)
What is the major artery for the hindgut?
Inferior mesentery artery (IMA)
What ligament attaches the right and left lobes of the liver and to the anterior abdominal wall?
Falciform ligament (ventral mesentery)
What ligament is associated with the portal triad?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
What structures make up the Portal triad?
- Common bile duct
- Proper hepatic artery
- Portal Vein
The Celiac Trunk has 3 branches, what are they and where do they lead?
- Left Gastric Artery- stomach
- Splenic Artery- Spleen
- Common hepatic artery- liver
The pancreas has 3 segments (head, body, and tail). Identify which structure in retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
Head and body: retroperitoneal
Tail: Intraperitoneal
Ascending Colon:
Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
Transverse colon:
Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
Descending Colon:
Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
Sigmoid Colon:
Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
The Superior Mesentery Artery (SMA) has 3 branches, what are they?
- Middle colic artery
- Right colic artery
- ileocolic artery
The Inferior Mesentery Artery (IMA) has 3 branches, what are they?
- Left colic artery
- Sigmoid Artery
- Superior rectal Artery
What are the two systems involved in venous drainage of the abdomen?
Portal System
Caval system
What is the portal system?
Blood from all gut structures (foregut, midgut, hindgut) returns to the hepatic portal vein.
—> All blood delivered by the celiac trunk, SMA, and IMA returns to the hepatic portal vein
What is the caval system?
Blood from all body structures (muscles, kidneys, suprarenal glands, gonads) returns to the IVC to the heart.
