Adominal Viscera

Question 1

What is the difference between retroperitoneal vs intraperitoneal?

Answer 1

Retroperitoneal is outside the visceral peritoneum and does not have a mesentery.

Intraperitoneal is suspended by the mesentery within the visceral peritoneum

Question 2

How many layers does the mesentery have?

Answer 2

2 layers or double layer of peritoneum connecting parietal and visceral layers

Question 3

What does the mesentery supply?

Answer 3

Vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes to supporting organs

Question 4

Define the location of 2 of the mesentery.

Answer 4

Dorsal and Ventral Mesentery

Question 5

What two structures are within the Ventral Mesentery?

Answer 5

Lesser omentum and Falciform ligament

Question 6

The mesentery suspends what two structures?

Answer 6

The Jejunum and Ileum (small intestine)
Dorsal mesentery (intraperitoneal)

Question 7

Describe the Jejunum in relation to the mesentery.

Answer 7

The Jejunum is larger in diameter, 1-2 arcades, and long vasa recta, more plicae circulares, less mesenteric fat

Question 8

Describe the ileum in relation to the mesentery.

Answer 8

The ileum is smaller in diameter, multiple arcades, shorter vasa recta, fewer/no plicae, more mesenteric fat

Question 9

What structures are located in the foregut?

Answer 9

Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Esophagus
Stomach
Spleen
Lesser Omentum (ventral mesentery)
Greater Omemtum (dorsal mesentery)

Question 10

What are the structures of the midgut?

Answer 10

Ascending Colon
Cecum
Appendix
Pancreas
Transverse Colon ( 2/3 )
Small Intestine (Jejunum and ileum)

Question 11

What are the structures for the Hindgut?

Answer 11

Distal transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

Question 12

What is the major artery for the foregut?

Answer 12

Celiac trunk

Question 13

What is the major artery for the midgut?

Answer 13

Superior mesentery artery (SMA)

Question 14

What is the major artery for the hindgut?

Answer 14

Inferior mesentery artery (IMA)

Question 15

What ligament attaches the right and left lobes of the liver and to the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 15

Falciform ligament (ventral mesentery)

Question 16

What ligament is associated with the portal triad?

Answer 16

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 17

What structures make up the Portal triad?

Answer 17

1. Common bile duct
2. Proper hepatic artery
3. Portal Vein

Question 18

The Celiac Trunk has 3 branches, what are they and where do they lead?

Answer 18

1. Left Gastric Artery- stomach
2. Splenic Artery- Spleen
3. Common hepatic artery- liver

Question 19

The pancreas has 3 segments (head, body, and tail). Identify which structure in retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

Answer 19

Head and body: retroperitoneal
Tail: Intraperitoneal

Question 20

Ascending Colon:

Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 20

Retroperitoneal

Question 21

Transverse colon:
Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 21

Intraperitoneal

Question 22

Descending Colon:
Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 22

retroperitoneal

Question 23

Sigmoid Colon:
Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 23

Intraperitoneal

Question 24

The Superior Mesentery Artery (SMA) has 3 branches, what are they?

Answer 24

1. Middle colic artery
2. Right colic artery
3. ileocolic artery

Question 25

The Inferior Mesentery Artery (IMA) has 3 branches, what are they?

Answer 25

1. Left colic artery
2. Sigmoid Artery
3. Superior rectal Artery

Question 26

What are the two systems involved in venous drainage of the abdomen?

Answer 26

Portal System
Caval system

Question 27

What is the portal system?

Answer 27

Blood from all gut structures (foregut, midgut, hindgut) returns to the hepatic portal vein.

—> All blood delivered by the celiac trunk, SMA, and IMA returns to the hepatic portal vein

Question 28

What is the caval system?

Answer 28

Blood from all body structures (muscles, kidneys, suprarenal glands, gonads) returns to the IVC to the heart.