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PEDS 2- clinical disciplines > Adolescents > Flashcards

Adolescents Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered adolescents?

A

Begins at age 10-12

Ends between ages 18-21

period of development

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2
Q

What are the top 5 causes of death in teenagers?

A 
Accidents (MVC is MC) 
homicide 
suicide 
CA 
heart disease

PREVENTABLE

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3
Q

What is puberty?

A

biologic process in which a child becomes an adult

Secondary sexual characteristics
Increase to adult size
Reproductive capacity

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4
Q

Puberty growth spurt in girls v. boys?

A

begins nearly 2yrs earlier in girls than boys

girls reach peak velocity: 11.5-12

boys between 13.5-14

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5
Q

What is considered early adolescence?

A

10-13y/o

limited thought to future

feels awkward about self & body

desire for independence

moodiness

greater interest in privacy

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6
Q

What is considered middle adolescence?

A

14-16 y/o

greater capacity for setting goals

intense self involvement

drive for independence

feelings of love & passion

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7
Q

what is considered late adolescence?

A

> 17

ability to think ideas through

firmer sense of self identity

development of more serious relationships

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8
Q

Tanner stage 1 in girls?

A

no breast development (elevation of papilla only)

no pubic hair

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9
Q

Tanner stage 2 in girls?

A

elevation of breast & papilla as small mound areola diameter enlarge (9.8)

sparse long pigmented hair along labia majora (10.5)

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10
Q

When does menses typically begin?

A

2-2½ yr after pubarche/thelarche (during stage 3-4)

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11
Q

Is the first menstrual bleed associated w/ ovulation?

A

NO

typically is caused solely by the effects of estradiol on the endometrial lining

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12
Q

What is the first visible sign of puberty in boys?

A

around 9-10

enlarged scrotum, pink, texture altered

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13
Q

Spermarche in boys?

A

1st sperm production; around stage 4-5 (14-15 yo)

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14
Q

What are some developmentally appropriate behaviors in adolescents?

A

Bids for autonomy: avoiding family activities, demanding privacy, ↑ argumentativeness

Bewilderment & dysphoria at start of middle school

Risk-taking limited in early adolescence

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15
Q

What are some concerning behaviors in adolescents?

A

Extreme withdrawal or antagonism

Continued failure to adapt several weeks-months later

Escalation of risk-taking behaviors

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16
Q

What is the MC of reason for adolescents not seeking care?

A

“not wanting to tell parents”

other reasons: reluctant to admit their behaviors, access to health care

17
Q

In general: minor can be given care only if parent consents or is a medical emergency, what are some reasons that a minor may consent?

A

Minor is emancipated, married or homeless
Care relates to STI, rape & minor is 12 or older, substance abuse & minor is 12 or older, alcoholism, HIV testing

18
Q

Tx for chemical dependency in adolescence?

A

Minor can apply for tx at a substance abuse facility

Parents / guardians must be notified once admitted for treatment

A pt > 12 yo under the influence of a substance (including withdrawal) is considered a medical emergency and consent is implied

19
Q

Adolescent mental health tx?

A

Inpt tx requires parental consent

outpt tx: laws vague

20
Q

Can adolescents consent to abortion in AZ?

A

NO

exceptions: pt is emancipated, judge authorizes, pregnancy is the result of inappropriate sexual misconduct, pregnancy is harmful to pts health

21
Q

What are some situations that require disclosure by law?

A

abuse
SI
HI
STIs-public health deparments

22
Q

What is included in HEADSSS assessment?

A 
Home
Education/exercise
Activities/employment
Drugs
Suicidality
Sex
Safety
23
Q

What is the largest, preventable and most costly public health problem in the US?

A

adolescent substance use

24
Q

What are some risk factors for substance use?

A

+FH of substance use disorder

Adverse childhood events (abuse, neglect, trauma)

Co-occurring mental health problems

Peer victimization or bullying

Engaging in other risk behaviors

25
Q

What are some Cultural/environmental factors play critical role in adolescent substance use?

A

parental influences

media

availability

26
Q

Tx of depression?

A

Refer to pediatric behavioral health

Psychotherapy

Pharmacotherapy
-Fluoxetine (Prozac)-SSRI approved for kids over 8

27
Q

S/s of anorexia nervosa?

A

Decreased body temp,

Bradycardia

Dizziness/lightheadedness

Decreased peripheral circulation

Thin hair and nails

Dry skin

Early satiety

Depression

28
Q

s/s of bulimia nervosa?

A

abd pain, early satiety, diarrhea/constiption, parotid pain/enlargement

depression dehydration, OH

tooth enamel loss, dental carries, bruising, thickening along joints of the fingers

29
Q

What is considered binge eating disorder?

A

1 x week x 3 mos

PEDS 2- clinical disciplines (5 decks)

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