Adolescence Physical Development Flashcards
Puberty
- hormonal and physical changes that contributes to sexual maturity and adult height
- takes average 5yrs
- menarche and spermarche
- internal and external changes
Secular trend in Puberty
a century king decline in the average age at which children reach puberty > bc of food diet (hormones)
Hormonal Programmers
- Adrenal Androgens
- Gonads
Adrenal Androgens
- promote growth of hair; influence skin changes; promote sexual desire
- begin being released in ages 6-8
Gonads (sex organs)
-Testes
- Ovaries
- Penis
- Adrenal Androgen
Influences on Timing of Puberty
- Life stress
- Light, climate
- Genetics
- Body weight/fat
- Growth/Height
Primary Sexual Changes (help with reproduction)
- Growth of uterus, maturation of ovaries, onset of menarche
- Growth of penis, tested, onset of spermarche
Secondary sexual changes (not directly involved in reproduction)
- Hair Growth
- Voice Changes
- Acne
- Breast development
Growth Spurt
Dramatic increase in weight and height
Feelings about puberty
- changes are exciting and frightening; reactions depend on social norms
- western culture = pride
Maturing Early (possible problems for girls)
-risk of developing acting out behaviors
- gravitate to older friends; unprotected sex; disconnections from school
- risk of becoming anxious/depressed
- body dissatisfaction; self consciousness
Wrapping up Puberty
- Environmental context wil affect child’s reaction.
- Communication can be improved for boys
- Arrange best body-environment fit
Interventions: Minimize Distress during Puberty
- Society School environment important (introduction to sex ed; nurturing environment to set adolescence in right path)
- Be alert for acting out behavior
- Communication is important
Body Image issues
Susan Harter’s Research
- scholastic competence, behavioral conduct, athletic skills, peer likability, appearance!
Differing body concerns
-Peer Pressure (teasing)
- Dating
- Media
Anorexia Nervosa
Affect 1 in 1000 teenage
Self starvation to being 85% or less of healthy body weight
Menstruation can stop
Distorted body image
Bulimia Nervosa
- Biweekly cycles of binging and purging.
- Forced vomiting, taking laxities or diuretics, fasting and excess exercise.
Risk factors of eating disorders
- Strong hereditary component (especially girls)
- temperament tendency to be anxious
Interventions for Eating Disorders
- identify at risk girls falling to depression and low self esteem
- focus on elevating self efficacy
- promote true self esteem
- demand genuine effort
- encourage autonomy
