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Developmental Concepts > Adolescence > Flashcards

Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

age of adolescence and age of young adulthood

A

adolescence 11 yrs to 18 yrs
young adulthood 18 to 22/25

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2
Q

erik erikson adolescence stage and age

A

identity vs confusion
12-19 for adolescence?

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3
Q

adolescent period begins with…. and ends with…

A

sexual maturity
ends with cessation of growth

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4
Q

what physical and psychological developments occur during adolescence

A

reach physical and sexual maturity
grow self-consciousness and search for identity
develop more sophisticated reasoning ability and abstract thinking

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5
Q

pre-adolescence is marked by…

A

rapid physical growth and development of secondary sex characteristics

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6
Q

preadolescence age for females and males

A

females: 8-10 years of age
males: 9-11 years of age

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7
Q

puberty occurs due to… and ends with…..

A

gonadal hormone changes
ends with onset of menses

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8
Q

meneses for females vs for males

A

females: menarche at age 12-13
males: production of sperm

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9
Q

four major changes during puberty

A

development of primary sex characteristics (sex organs)
development of secondary sex characteristics
rapid physical growth spurt in height and weight
changes in body proportion

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10
Q

primary vs secondary sex characteristics

A

primary: testes and ovaries
secondary: physical appearance

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11
Q

factors affecting timing of puberty (7)

A

genetics
stress
socioeconomic status
environmental toxins
nutrition and diet, exercise
amount of fat and body weight
chronic illness

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12
Q

female athletes during puberty can have….

A

delayed menarche (first menstruation)
menstrual irregularities

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13
Q

when does the first ovulatory cycle occur

A

after menarche

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14
Q

what is pubertal maturation

A

establishment of cyclic ovarian function

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15
Q

when does establishment of successive ovulatory cycles occur

A

not for months to years after menarche

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16
Q

what is the most rapid phase of growth

A

prenatal period

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17
Q

what is the second phase of most rapid growth

A

puberty

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18
Q

when does the rate of physical growth slow down

A

after puberty (adolescence)

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19
Q

growth spurt begins with….

A

feet –> legs –> trunk

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20
Q

during puberty, boys gain how many inches in height

A

4-12 inches

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21
Q

during puberty, girls gain how many inches in height

A

2-8 inches

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22
Q

during puberty, boys gain how many pounds

A

15-65 pounds

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23
Q

during puberty, girls gain how many pounds

A

15-65 pounds

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24
Q

during adolescence, when does growth in height cease

A

16-17 years of age

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25
Q

when do girls reach 98% of final height

A

age 17

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26
Q

during adolescence, up to what age to boys continue to grow in height

A

18-20

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27
Q

when do girls reach 98% of final height

A

by age 18

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28
Q

growth spurts and BMI for age

A
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29
Q

changes in body proportions during puberty (face, hands/feet, limbs/trunk, bones)

A

face: nose reaches adult size first
hands/feet: reach adult size before arms and legs
limbs/trunk: LE becomes longer than trunk
bones: grow faster than muscles leading to motor awkwardness

30
Q

changes in body proportions later in adolescence

A

growth slows down
body proportions are similar to those of adults

31
Q

when does bone growth stop for boys vs girls and what does this allow for

A

girls: 18
boys: 21
permits adolescents to stabilize the organization of different muscular patterns (improved coordination)

32
Q

when does skeletal maturity occur

A

when epiphyseal plates close

33
Q

when are epiphyseal growth plate closures complete

A

age 25

34
Q

for most people, height wont increase after ______ due to _____

A

after age 18-20
due to closure in growth plates

35
Q

when do females/males stop growing

A

females: 13-15
boys: 15-17

36
Q

immature bone characteristics during adolescence

A

more porous with thick periosteum
unstable physes (growth plates)

37
Q

what is the testing indicator of maturation of the skeletal system

A

compare ossification amount on x-ray with standards

38
Q

______ increases first as the body grows

A

muscle mass

39
Q

adult muscle diameter is reached when

A

early teens (12-15 yrs)

40
Q

increases in strength are directly related to _____________

A

increases in muscle mass during growth

41
Q

strength increases ________ from childhood through adolescence (__-___ years)

A

increases linearly with age
6-18 years

42
Q

when do strength increases level off for girls

A

after age 15

43
Q

when does strength accelerate for boys

A

age 13-20

44
Q

as the _____ grows first, the _______ have to lengthen to establish length-tension relationship

A

as the skeletal system grows the muscles have to lengthen

45
Q

adolescence cardiopulmonary system at rest: pulse rate, respiratory rate, heart size/blood volume, weight/ volume of lungs

A

pulse: 60-90 bpm
respiratory rate: 16-24 breaths per min
heart size/blood volume increase
volume and weight of lungs increases

46
Q

adolescence cardiopulmonary system during acute exercise

A

HR higher during submax and max exercise
stroke volume is lower
cardiac output is higher
BP is lower at rest
slope of systolic BP rise is less dramatic with exercise

47
Q

adolescence have ______ surface area-to-body ratio

A

greater

48
Q

adolescence produce ______ metabolic heat/mass unit during physical activities

A

more

49
Q

adolescence have ______ sweating capacity due to ______

A

lower
due to fewer sweat glands

50
Q

implications of adolescence temperature regulation

A

at risk for heat-related injuries at high temps

at risk for increased heat loss at low temperatures

51
Q

exercise prescription for adolescence FITT

A

F: 3-5 x per wk
I:
50-85% VO2max
40-50% in deconditioned individuals
Borg scale of perceived exertion
T: 30-60 min
T: play, games, sports, chores, recreation, PE

52
Q

psychosocial development/behavioral issues during adolescence

A

become negative in attitude/interactions
growing self-conscious
social antagonism

53
Q

what is social antagonism

A

need for privacy, resent supervision and directions, struggle for independence, wish to be free from restrictions and parental control

54
Q

psychosocial development aspects of young teens and age

A

13-14 years
self-centered
value peers opinions

55
Q

psychosocial development aspects of middle teens and age

A

15-16 years
better at compromising/more tolerant
thinks more independently
risk-taking behaviors
dating begins

56
Q

psychosocial development aspects of late teens and age

A

17-18 years
sense of seriousness
ends when they take on adult roles

57
Q

what happens cognitively from ages 11-14

A

increase thinking hypothetically
apply formal logic
use abstract concepts
more relative and absolute
more self-reflective
capable of considering an extended time perspective

58
Q

_______ young people ages 15-24 commit suicide

A

5000

59
Q

how do adolescents mask depression

A

anxiety
eating disorders
substance abuse
hyperactivity

60
Q

what percent of adolescents have had sex by the end of high school

A

48%

61
Q

what percent of adolescents use condoms

A

57%

62
Q

what causes RED-S

A

insufficient caloric intake
excessive energy expenditure

63
Q

side effects of RED-S

A

leads to inadequate energy to support the body’s physiological functions

64
Q

PT implications for RED-S

A

decreased muscular strength and endurance
chronic fatigue
bone loss –> increased risk of stress fracture
psychological stress, depression, anxiety

65
Q

ACL injury is more common in….

A

females

66
Q

in a pediatric patient, ACL injuries can commonly occur with….

A

a fracture of the growth plate

67
Q

ACL injury in adolescents can cause….

A

increased risk for osteoarthritis later in life

68
Q

Neuromuscular control improves when adolescents…..

A

Play multiple sports

69
Q

Signs of disordered eating (bulimia, anorexia, obesity)

A

Low energy, fatigue, preservation of food, obsession with body image

70
Q

The psychosocial development in adolescence regarding search for identity is characterized by….

A

Separation from family
Development of their own self-concept: question and test out values and beliefs
Emotional issues: confusion, depression, discouragement

Developmental Concepts (2 decks)

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