ADOLESCENCE Flashcards
what is adolescence?
a period of rapid physical, emotional, cognitive and social change
what is sensation-seeking in adolescence?
heightened desire to experience increased levels of arousal
what activities does sensation-seeking involve?
decision-making, risk-taking, and exploration
formal operations is under whose theory?
Piaget’s developmental theory
what happens in formal operations?
shift to abstract, idealistic, and complex thinking
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what does formal operational thinking involve?
abstract thought, hypothetico-deductive reasoning, systematic problem solving, and metacogntition
what is adolescent egocentrism?
teenagers’ belief that others are concernced with them as they are themselves
what does adolescent egocentrism involve?
imaginary audience and personal fable
what is the most significant change in adolescence?
improve executive function
what does information processing involve?
cognitive control (attention and cognitive flexibility), decision-making, critical thinking
what do you call the process where the nervous system and endocrine system interact to initiate rapid physical changes?
puberty
first menstruation
menarche
what are hormones?
powerful chemical substances carried by bloodstream
what happense to hormones during adolescence?
concetrations increase dramatically
Hormone for boys and hormone for females
testosterone and estradiol
True or False
both testosterone and estradiol is present in both male and female puberty
true
what differentiates testosterone and estradiol during puberty
for females estradiol dominates, for males testosterone
what is the hormone-behavior link during puberty
behaviors such as stress, eating patterns, exercise, sexual activity, and tension affects hormones
what can cause puberty to begin earlier?
improved nutrition and health
or
high stress and conflict rates
preoccupies adolescent minds especially during early adolescence
how does internet and social meida influence body image perception
more attention to physical appearance and more negative about own bodies
features of early maturing boys and why
- more positive self perceptions and peer relations
- because of heavier focus on advantageous physical status instead of career development and achievement
features of late maturing boys
- stronger sense of identity in 30s
- because more time to explore life options
- more negative body image
features of early maturing girls
- increased vulnerability to problems such as smoking, drinking, depression, eating disorders
- higher levels of depression in adolescence
- higher level of antisocial behavior in adulthood
features in late maturing girls
greater satisfaction in later adulthood
what part of the brain changes that symbolizes improved information processing during adolescence? how does it change?
corpus callosum thickens
what part of the brain matures earlier than others symbollizing early maturation of emotions?
limbic system
neurotransmitter involved in risk taking and reward seeking
dopamine
during adolescence what are the effects of increasing connections across brain areas?
greater efficieny and focal activation, increased brain networks
what does it mean if brain networks are reduced?
it is linked with depression
part of brain
why can’t adolescents handle their heightened emotions during puberty?
because the prefrontal cortex is not as developed
what activity demonstrates abstract thinking of formal operational stage?
- verval problem-solving (logically inferring if a = b and b = c then a = c)
- thing about thought
what is hypothetical-deductive reasoning?
problem solving like through trial and error, devising plans and systematically testing solutions
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what is imaginary audience?
believe they are on stage
what is personal fable?
sense of uniqueness or invulnerability
social media and egocentrism
- raises levels of imaginary audience
- higher level of narcissism
what does executive function involve?
goal-directed behavior, self-control, cognitive control, decision-making and critical thinking
what does cognitive control involves?
- controlling attention
- reducing interfering thoughts
- cognitively flexible (alternative options and adaptation)
what is the psychosocial moratorium?
gap between childhood security and adult autonomy for exploration and experimentation
what stage in Erik Erikson’s theory of development is involved with adolescence?
identity vs role confusion
James Marcia’s identity statuses is based on the extent of what?
crisis and comittment
what is crisis?
period of identity development exploring alternatives
what is commitment?
peresonal investment and involvment in identity
identify identity status
undecided and likely uninterested in choices and decisions
identity diffusion
identify identity status
sense of having had a little to no choice in their identity
identity foreclosure
identify identity status
midst of exploration and discovery
identity moratorium
identify identity status
explored, discovered and established identity
identity achievement
identify identity status
no crisis or commitment
identity diffusion
identify identity status
no crisis has commitment
identity foreclosure
identify identity status
has crisis no commitment
identity moratorium
identify identity status
has crisis and commitment
identity achievement
what is a narrative identity?
stories constructed aabout themselves to define who they are
what happens to parent-child relationship during adolescence?
renegotiation due to desire for autonomy through distal monitoring
during adolescence peer relationships involve?
- a need for intimacy
- frienships (develomental advantages, quality over quantity, and homophily)
- deviant peer contagion
- crowds and cliques
during adolescence dating involves?
- contribution to identity development and emerging sexuality
give 5
risk factors of deviant behavior
gender, family environment, SES, education, deviant peers
