adolescence 1 - going global jensen and arnett

Question 1

Key Aims of Jensens and Arnett

Answer 1

• review existing research and theory about globalization and cultural identity formation in adolescence and emerging adults
• apply “immigration acculturation” theory to the context of globalization to demonstrate the various pathways to culturally identity formation among youth globally
• opening up of plural pathways leads to identity development that comes with both risks and opportunites

Question 2

How many people use Fb

Answer 2

1.23 billion

Question 3

% of adolescent and emerging adult users

Answer 3

age (16-24) - 25

age (25-24) - 28

Question 4

Cultural Identity

Answer 4

• make up who we are (key components)
• ideology, love, work
• culture is something we ALL have

Question 5

forming a cultural identity

Answer 5

• Adopting beliefs and practices of one or more cultural communities
• key differences between a culture identity and forming a culture identity are the issues of choice and cultural diversity

Question 6

Ethnic Identity Formation

Answer 6

focuses on how ethnic and racial minority groups negotiate their identities in a culturally diverse setting

ie. Valentines day in india
- very diverse
- some people burning cards
- pervert love
- a lot of young people have embraced the holiday

Question 7

Hierarchy of cultural identities

Answer 7

balancing cultural norms with economic demand/need

ie. call centers

Question 8

Globalization of Youth (A&EA) - Globalization

Answer 8

involves the multi-directional flow of people, goods, and ideas

• not moderm phenomenon
• facilitated in new ways - technological advancement

Question 9

Impact of globalization on cultural identity formation - especially salient youth

Answer 9

• 1st time people live in more urban areas than rural (shift lead by youth)
• forces target “global youth” population (increased consumer demands)
• it is a time of openness to diverse cultural ideas and practices, youth have not settled on particular or sungular beliefs

Question 10

dissonant acculturation

Answer 10

adolescents change their cultural identities and identifications more than adults (impact of globalization)

Question 11

Plural Pathway to cultural identity formation

Answer 11

for most of human history ppl were born into 1 culture and adopted the ideas, values, practices related to that single sphere of influences as they formed identities - very few cultures carry on this traditional system of life and identity development

Question 12

acculteration

Answer 12

adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group and the effects of this process

Question 13

immigration

Answer 13

process through which people move to and live in a new/foreign country

Question 14

pluralistic

Answer 14

more than one, involving many

Question 15

four possible patterns of acculturation

Answer 15

1. assimilation
2. separation
3. integration
4. marginalization

Question 16

assimilation

Answer 16

the rejection of ones original culture and adoption of a new cultural identity through the process of culture shedding or unlearning
ie. factory girls

Question 17

separation

Answer 17

avoidance of new culture and retaining ones original culture, which can involve wanting to keep globalization forces at bay
ie. samoan tattooing

Question 18

integration

Answer 18

combining the original cultural identity with elements of the new culture sometimes called adopting bi-cultural or hybrid identities
ex. Indians who maintain practice of arranged marriage

Question 19

marginalization

Answer 19

neither the original or new cultures are desired, which often works through cultural distancing and can result in confusion, alienation and stress
ie. nepal
could be a result of rapid change
very contemporary modern and traditional are not always easy to balance

Question 20

New opportunities and risks

Answer 20

cultural identity confusion
civic involvement
greater gender identity

Question 21

cultural identity confusion

Answer 21

• most research shows that youth are remarkably adaptable and they are often more successful in adapting to new cultural environments than adults
• globalization can have negative effects on youths cultural identity and lives more generally
• especially when their decisions about cultural identity/aspirations clash with their parent s
• particularly the case when adoption of new cultural environment was not voluntary
• degree to which the new culture is different from the original one also increases the possibility of confusion and negative social/health-outcomes
• young people more resilient
• not always their choice

Question 22

civic involvement

Answer 22

• one of the characteristics of youth that put them at the forefront of globalization is their openness to new ideas and believes; creativity
• argued that it can = lack of commitment to old and/or new culture
• however, more often youth are actoveleny enganged in creating their unique identities and exercising multiple vs divided loyalties

Question 23

Greater gender equality

Answer 23

• many traditional cultures women were made to feel subordinate to men
• specific link b/w gender equality and globalization
• education and international policies are lobbying

Question 24

Conclusions: new global research agenda

Answer 24

• transformations of globalization are evident in the complexity and diversity of cultural identity formation in youth
• important to track and better understand given the indisputable fact that these and other changes will continue