adolescence 1 - going global jensen and arnett Flashcards
Key Aims of Jensens and Arnett
- review existing research and theory about globalization and cultural identity formation in adolescence and emerging adults
- apply “immigration acculturation” theory to the context of globalization to demonstrate the various pathways to culturally identity formation among youth globally
- opening up of plural pathways leads to identity development that comes with both risks and opportunites
How many people use Fb
1.23 billion
% of adolescent and emerging adult users
age (16-24) - 25
age (25-24) - 28
Cultural Identity
- make up who we are (key components)
- ideology, love, work
- culture is something we ALL have
forming a cultural identity
- Adopting beliefs and practices of one or more cultural communities
- key differences between a culture identity and forming a culture identity are the issues of choice and cultural diversity
Ethnic Identity Formation
focuses on how ethnic and racial minority groups negotiate their identities in a culturally diverse setting
ie. Valentines day in india
- very diverse
- some people burning cards
- pervert love
- a lot of young people have embraced the holiday
Hierarchy of cultural identities
balancing cultural norms with economic demand/need
ie. call centers
Globalization of Youth (A&EA) - Globalization
involves the multi-directional flow of people, goods, and ideas
- not moderm phenomenon
- facilitated in new ways - technological advancement
Impact of globalization on cultural identity formation - especially salient youth
- 1st time people live in more urban areas than rural (shift lead by youth)
- forces target “global youth” population (increased consumer demands)
- it is a time of openness to diverse cultural ideas and practices, youth have not settled on particular or sungular beliefs
dissonant acculturation
adolescents change their cultural identities and identifications more than adults (impact of globalization)
Plural Pathway to cultural identity formation
for most of human history ppl were born into 1 culture and adopted the ideas, values, practices related to that single sphere of influences as they formed identities - very few cultures carry on this traditional system of life and identity development
acculteration
adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group and the effects of this process
immigration
process through which people move to and live in a new/foreign country
pluralistic
more than one, involving many
four possible patterns of acculturation
- assimilation
- separation
- integration
- marginalization
assimilation
the rejection of ones original culture and adoption of a new cultural identity through the process of culture shedding or unlearning
ie. factory girls
separation
avoidance of new culture and retaining ones original culture, which can involve wanting to keep globalization forces at bay
ie. samoan tattooing
integration
combining the original cultural identity with elements of the new culture sometimes called adopting bi-cultural or hybrid identities
ex. Indians who maintain practice of arranged marriage
marginalization
neither the original or new cultures are desired, which often works through cultural distancing and can result in confusion, alienation and stress
ie. nepal
could be a result of rapid change
very contemporary modern and traditional are not always easy to balance
New opportunities and risks
cultural identity confusion
civic involvement
greater gender identity
cultural identity confusion
- most research shows that youth are remarkably adaptable and they are often more successful in adapting to new cultural environments than adults
- globalization can have negative effects on youths cultural identity and lives more generally
- especially when their decisions about cultural identity/aspirations clash with their parent s
- particularly the case when adoption of new cultural environment was not voluntary
- degree to which the new culture is different from the original one also increases the possibility of confusion and negative social/health-outcomes
- young people more resilient
- not always their choice
civic involvement
- one of the characteristics of youth that put them at the forefront of globalization is their openness to new ideas and believes; creativity
- argued that it can = lack of commitment to old and/or new culture
- however, more often youth are actoveleny enganged in creating their unique identities and exercising multiple vs divided loyalties
Greater gender equality
- many traditional cultures women were made to feel subordinate to men
- specific link b/w gender equality and globalization
- education and international policies are lobbying
Conclusions: new global research agenda
- transformations of globalization are evident in the complexity and diversity of cultural identity formation in youth
- important to track and better understand given the indisputable fact that these and other changes will continue
