Admixtures Flashcards

1
Q

What are admixtures?

A

Materials added to the concrete that improves or modifies concrete. Compensates for deficiencies.

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2
Q

Types of CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES

A
  • Type A: Water-reducing (WR)
  • Type B: Set retarding (SR)
  • Type C: Set accelerating (SA)
  • Type D: WR + SR
  • Type E: WR + SA
  • Type F: High-range water-reducing (HRWR)
  • Type G: HRWR + SR
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3
Q

Types of MINERAL ADMIXTURES

A
  • Class N: Raw or calcined pozzolans
  • Class F: Fly ash produced from burning bituminous coal.
  • Class C: Fly ash normally produced from burning lignite (subbituminous) coal.

Pozzolanic = has silica to strengthen concrete. converts calcium hydrate to calcium silica. does not ass to heat. Also makes impervious water tight.

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4
Q

Admixtures of durability

A
  • Frost action: Air-entrained agents
  • sulfate and acidic solutions: pozzolans, polymer emulsions
  • Alkali-aggregate expansion: pozzolans
  • Thermal strains: pozzolans
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5
Q

Admixtures for increased strength

A
  • Water reducing agents (low water admixtures

* Pozzolans

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6
Q

How air-entrainment affects concrete

A
  • Microscopic pores in concrete. For weather conditions that exhibit frequent cycles of freezing thawing. Helps internal hydrostatic pressure. these pores become pressure relief holes. Reduce internal tensile stress by providing space for water as freezing advances. As thawing occurs, water recedes from pores, leaving them empty for the next freeze cycle.
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7
Q

What are MINERAL ADMIXTURES?

A
  • insoluble siliceous materials (used @ relatively large amounts 15%-20% by weight of cement
  • Fine particle size, siliceous material that slowly react with CH @ normal temperatures to form cementitious products CH + S = CSH
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8
Q

What are MINERAL ADMIXTURES?

A
  • insoluble siliceous materials (used @ relatively large amounts 15%-20% by weight of cement
  • Fine particle size, siliceous material that slowly react with CH @ normal temperatures to form cementitious products CH + S = CSH
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9
Q

Affects of MINERAL ADMIXTURES?

A
  • Low heat during hydration
  • Transform large pores to fine pores
  • Significanc: durability to thermal cracking, chemical attack, sulfate attack and workability.
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10
Q

When does critical saturation occur in concrete?

A

Saturation takes place when more than 91.7% of pores in concrete are filled with water.

  • Only concrete with critical saturation is vulnerable to frost damage.
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11
Q

How much does water expand when frozen?

A

9%

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12
Q

How does air entrainment reduce concrete damage through freezing and thawing cycles?

A

The entrained air become pockets for the water to enter as freezing advances, relieving the hydrostatic pressure in concrete.

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13
Q

Types of by-product Mineral admixtures?

A
  • Fly Ash
  • Blast Furnace Slag
  • Condensed Silica Fume
  • Rice Husk Ash
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14
Q

What are the effects of pozzolans?

A
  • Reduced available space for formation of large crystals

* Pozzolans convert CH into CSH

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