Administration and Distribution Jan 6/10 Flashcards
What are 2 points that a definition should include?
- It should group together all the things that share a given relevant trait
- It should set apart those things that do not share the trait
What is a drug according to the literary definition?
- A substance that is used as a medicine
- An illegal and often harmful substance that people take for pleasure
What are 2 problems with the literary definition of a drug?
- Doesn’t define/describe the substance characteristics/function (defines the purpose)
- Does not differentiate between medicine and drug
What is the medical definition of a drug?
Narcotic: a chemical substance that dulls/diminishes sensitivity to pain
What is the clinical definition of a drug?
A therapeutic agent- any substance other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, treatment or cure of disease in man/animal
What is wrong with the medical definition of a drug?
- No differentiation between cocaine vs tylenol
- doesn’t reference illicit or not
- The definition for narcotics is too inclusive- ice cubes are not narcotics!!
What is wrong with the clinical definition of a drug?
No differentiation between illicit and recreational use
-way too inclusive
How a drug gets into the body? Where does the drug need to get to? (Site of action)
Administration
Different methods of administration will determine what 2 things?
- How much
2. How quickly
What are 3 potential factors to how effective a drug taken orally is?
- Stomach contents-rapid, potent, acids in stomach
- Drug form- liquid vs solids
- Lipid solubility of drug
3 pros of oral administration
- Convenient
- Least expensive
- Safest
3 cons of oral administration
- Slow absorption
- Delayed feedback
- Variability of absorption
What are 4 different ways of absorption?
- Transdermal
- Suppository
- Insufflation
- Sublingual
As Hydration goes _____ absorption goes _____.
As hydration goes up, absorption goes up.
1 pro of absorption
It’s rapid
2 cons of absorption
- Irritation
2. Variable absorption (hydration)
What are potential factors of inhalation?
- Chronic Respiratory Disease
- Anoxia: lack of O2 in brain: think gas room
What is really dangerous about inhalation?
Really dangerous for OD, because it gets to the bloodstream ASAP
1 pro for inhalation
Extremely fast absorption
3 cons for inhalation
- Short lasting
- Respiratory irritation/damage- potentially chronic
- Risk of brain damage (anoxia)
Term for Injection and 3 types
Parenteral
- subcutaneous
- intramuscular
- intravenous
What is a subcutaneous injection?
An injection in between 2 layers of skin
Pro of subcutaneous injection
Easiest of the injections
2 cons of subcutaneous injections
- slowest of the injections
2. skin irritation/deterioration (think diabetics)
Pro of intramuscular injection
- requires less dexterity
2 cons of intramuscular injections
- risk of piercing vein/infection
2. painful
What is a potential factor of intravenous injections?
Collapsed veins
3 pros of intravenous injections
- fastest absorption
- immediate effects
- accurate dosages
3 cons of intravenous injections
- cannot be recalled/annulled
- abrupt imbalance can be lethal
- infectious disease transmission
