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Applied Psychology > Adlerian Psychotherapy > Flashcards

Adlerian Psychotherapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is Adler?

A
  • Shift from psychoanalysis to ego psychology
  • “human beings live in the realm of meanings”
  • Early feminist
  • Wellness - unity of mind and body
  • Family Constellations
  • Organ inferiority and Inferiority feelings
  • Was a sickly child and lived through several traumas
  • Founder of Individual Psychology - studying the whole body
  • Human nature: people are self-determined, forge personalities from the meaning they give to their life. People create their own lives with creative power. The individual is responsible for making ‘good’ use of their abilities. Optimistic.
  • Believes in Social Cooperation - but it is a core threat to our existence.
  • Fundamental nature is social
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2
Q

Major differences between Freud and Adler

A

Although both believed that individual’s personalities are formed by the age 6, they differed about the essential conflicts people face in development. Freud thought Adler gave too much credit to the conscious process.

  • Alder thought Freud overemphasized sexuality
  • They disagreed on the role of the unconscious
  • & the importance of social issues
  • & the role of drive theory
  • Human behavior is learned- not instinctual.
  • Freud was deterministic whereas Adler believed in the subjective experience (the interpretation of one’s life is far more important than the actual experiences)
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3
Q

What is social interest?

A

The ability to participate and the willingness to contribute to society. To function adequately, people must develop sufficient social interest, otherwise deficiency and maladjustment occur. The desire to belong is a lifelong pursuit marked by our efforts to find our “place in life”

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4
Q

Adlerian Human Nature

A

People are neither inherently good nor bad, but based on their appraisal of an immediate situation and its payoff, they may choose good or bad.

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5
Q

Theory of Personality

A

Alder stresses the effects of children’s perceptions of their family constellations and their struggles to find their own significant niches within them.
- Holism: one’s personality is a complete unity.

Personality Development:

  • social interest
  • masculine protest
  • lifestyle
  • goal-directed and purposeful behavior
  • feelings of inferiority
  • striving for superiority
  • fictional finalist
  • family constellation
  • birth order
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6
Q

Social Interest manifested

A

Affective level: individual’s deep feeling of belonging to the human race / empathy
Cognitive level: person’s recognition of interdependence with others - the welfare of any one individual depends on the welfare of everyone.
Behavioral level: actions aimed at self-development as well as cooperative and helpful movements directed towards others.

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7
Q

Lifestyle

A

Behavior is lawfully organized and each person develops a generalized pattern of responses to most situations. All behavior is organized around lifestyle, which is defined as a habitual pattern of behavior unique to each person, their desired outcomes, goals, and opinions of ourselves/the world.

Children create their own lifestyle by the age 5 - after that it becomes difficult to change.

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8
Q

Private logic

A

The reasoning we invent to stimulate and justify our lifestyles.
We can make faulty interpretations of events or situations, which may lead to mistaken beliefs in our own private logic.

Adlerian therapists assist clients in refraining event that took place during childhood so that they can create a new lifestyle or a new way of organizing their lives.

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9
Q

Lifestyle Convictions

A

During the process of developing their lifestyles, children construct statements about the conditions, personal or social, that are necessary for them t feel secure.

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10
Q

Inferiority feelings

A

When there is conflict between one’s self-concept and one’s ideal self, on develops inferiority feelings.

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11
Q

What are the four lifestyle convictions?

A

4 basic lifestyles that people live by

1) the self-concept
2) the self-ideal
3) the Weltbild, or “picture of the world”
4) the ethical convictions

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12
Q

The self-concept

A

The convictions I have about who I am

  • the socially useful type
  • high social interests and use high activity to achieve goals
  • mature, positive, well adjusted, courteous and considerate
  • do not strive for superiority
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13
Q

The self-ideal

A

The convictions that pertain t what I should be or am obligated to be in order to have a place in the world.

  • the ruling type
  • little social interest
  • active in seeking control over others
  • try to prove personal superiority by ruling over others
  • tends to look like con-artists, thieves, substance abusers
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14
Q

The Weltbild, or “picture of the world”

A

The convictions about the not-self (e.g., world, people, nature) and what the world demands of me.

  • The getting type
  • desire everything from others without any personal effort or struggle.
  • low social interest and low activity levels
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15
Q

The ethical convictions

A

The individual’s development of a personal code of right and wrong

  • the avoiding type
  • low social interest and low activity level
  • avoid failure by avoiding involvement with work, friends, or society in general.
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16
Q

3 factors that interfere with organ development of social interest

A

1) organ inferiorities
2) parental pampering (why should I love my neighbor when he has not done anything for me?)
3) neglect of a child (society owes me)

17
Q

Immediate goals

A

Easier goals to work with. Generally observable in the day-to-day functioning of children. More amenable to change nd short-term counseling

18
Q

Long range goals

A

indicated a child’s private interest logic and form their basic outlooks on life. More rigid and less susceptible to change.

19
Q

Inferiority complex

A

The presentation of the person to himself and others that he is not strong enough to solve a given problem in a socially useful way.
These feeling provide the motivating force behind all growth and development. The constitute a minus state that we seek to overcome.
— inevitable, universal and normal —

20
Q

Superiority complex

A

Inflates his own self-importance to overcome feelings of inferiority. When one has a negative impact on others - putting others down to mask negative feelings of self.

21
Q

Superiority feelings

A

Superiority is our drive to master external obstacles, to gain power and status, and to arrive a a positive state

22
Q

Striving for superiority

A

A positive striving for perfection. Healthy people strive for superiority without developing a superiority complex to mask true feelings of inferiority. Pushes us to contribute to society!

23
Q

Fictional Finalism

A

1) Provides for the internal, subjective causation of a psychological event
2) Represents a creation of the person and is primarily subconscious
3) Becomes the principle of unity and self consistency of one’s personality
4) Forms the basis for a person’s orientation in the world
5) Supplies one way of compensating for feelings of inferiority

24
Q

Family Constellation

A

The composition of a family and one’s position within that system that ultimately builds their beliefs and how they view themselves.

25
Q

Birth Order

A

The placement of siblings within the family. Presents different challenges, alliances, and rivalries with our families.

1) the firstborn
2) the second born
3) the middle child
4) the youngest
5) only child

26
Q

The Firstborn

A
  • gets a great deal of time and attention from parents
  • secure position in the family
  • “reigning monarch” (who is dethroned when second born come in)
  • all first born suffer the loss of privileged position to varying degrees depending on pampering
  • first born must now become older child with high expectations and responsibilities.
  • best understands power and execution of it
  • highly organized, responsible, conscientious
  • can be insecure and overly reliant on rules
27
Q

The Second Born

A
  • not concerned with loss of power and authority
  • optimistic, competitive, ambitious
  • in most cases, 2nd child strives in directions different than the first.
28
Q

The Middle Child

A
  • often feel they are in a difficult and unfair position
  • may feel defeated by older siblings
  • learn skills of manipulation and negotiation
  • Can be rebellious and envious, doesn’t like being a follower
29
Q

The Youngest Child

A
  • Pampered
  • may excel overall to establish their place
  • Competitive orientation / high achievers
  • might expect others to take care of them
  • potentially feel inferior to everyone
30
Q

The Only Child

A
  • usually pampered
  • not competitive
  • developed exaggerated views of their own importance
  • rich imagination
  • may be timid and over dependent on others
  • likely to be defiant in social interest
31
Q

Life tasks

A

Our universal drive for belongingness motivates us in a series of life tasks that are central to our psychological development and mental health

1) Developing friendships with others
2) Realizing a loving relationship with another person
3) Working in a satisfying and meaningful occupation

32
Q

Dreikurs’ 4 goals of misbehaving children

A

1) attention getting
2) power seeking
3) revenge taking
4) declaring deficiency or defeat

33
Q

Theory of Maladaptive behavior

A

Developed when individuals become discouraged or when they encounter disappointing circumstances. Poor mental health results only when people behave as if they are inferior.

34
Q

Safeguarding tendencies

A 
Patterns of behavior created to protect exaggerated feeling of self-esteem against public disgrace. Can become neurotic or self-defeating because goals of personal superiority block authentic feelings of self-esteem. Most compulsive behaviors are attempts to waste time. Some tendencies include 
Hesitation
Excuses
Aggression
Criticism & gossip
Withdrawal…
35
Q

Adlerian Therapeutic Process

A 
Time-limited
Supportive therapy
Relationship is collaborative
Focused on specific problems
Moderate insight
Attitude change
Behavioral change
Helps clients understand their role in creating problems and how they can take responsibility for creating change.
Increase the individual’s feeling of community.
36
Q

Major Goals of Adlerian Psychotherapy

A

1) establishing and maintaining a good client-therapist relationship
2) uncovering the client’s dynamics, which include his or her lifestyle, goals, the dynamics of his family constellations, childhood illnesses, and the basic mistakes included in his lifestyle
3) developing interpretations that culminate in client insight
4) reorientation the client

37
Q

3 Entrance Gates to and Individual’s mental life

A

1) his birth order position in the family of origin
2) his first childhood memory
3) his dreams

Applied Psychology (3 decks)

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