ADLER

Question 1

Adler’s theory is called ______ ______.

Answer 1

Individual Psychology

Question 2

Individual psychology presents an optimistic view on people while relying heavily on the notion of _____ _____.

Answer 2

Social Interest

Question 3

_____ reduced all motivation to sex and aggression. While _____ saw people as being motivated mostly by social influences and by their striving for superiority or success.

Answer 3

Freud ; Adler

Question 4

This book assumed that physical deficiencies and not sex is not foundation of human motivation.

Answer 4

Study of Organ Inferiority and Its Psychical Compensation

Question 5

First tenet:
The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior if the striving for _____ or ______.

Answer 5

success ; superiority

Question 6

People are born with weak and inferior bodies and this condition leads to ______ ______.

Answer 6

inferiority feelings

Question 7

This motivates people to strive for either success or superiority.

Answer 7

Feelings of Inferiority

Question 8

Individual psychology holds that everyone begins life with _____ ______.

Answer 8

Physical deficiencies

Question 9

At first, Adler believed that _____ was the single dynamic force behind motivation.

Answer 9

Aggression

Question 10

Aggression as the single dynamic forced was replaced by ______ ______.

Answer 10

Masculine Protest

Question 11

This implied will to power or domination of others.

Answer 11

Masculine Protest

Question 12

True or False:
Adler abandoned masculine protest as a universal drive and was replaced with striving for superiority.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Adler limited the striving for superiority to those people who strive for personal superiority over others and introduced the term striving for success to describe actions of people who are motivated by highly developed ______ ______.

Answer 13

Social Interest

Question 14

True or False:
The final goal is striving for either success or superiority.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The final goal is ______ and has no objective existence.

Answer 15

fictional

Question 16

True or False:
The final goal is genetically or environmentally determined.

Answer 16

False - it is a product of creative power.

Question 17

True or False:
Creative power develops at birth.

Answer 17

False - it begins to develop at age 4 or 5 (similar with Freud’s superego).

Question 18

True or False:
If children feel neglected or pampered, their goal remains largely unconscious.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

The goal of superiority for a pampered child is to make permanent parasitic relationship with the mother. As an adult, she may appear _____ and ______.

Answer 19

Dependent ; Self-deprecating

Question 20

This is the person’s ability to freely shape their behavior and personality.

Answer 20

Creative Power

Question 21

True or False:
Although the striving for success is innate, it must be developed.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

At birth striving for success exists as _____, not actuality.

Answer 22

Potentiality ; Meaning, people must actualize this potential in his or her own manner.

Question 23

True or False:
Although creative power is swayed by the forces of heredity and environment, it is ultimately responsible for people’s personality.

Answer 23

True: Heredity establishes the potentiality, whereas environment contributes to the development of social interest and courage.

Question 24

People who strive for personal superiority have goals that are personal and motivated by exaggerate ______ ______.

Answer 24

Inferiority feelings

Question 25

People who strive for personal gain are those psychologically healthy people who are motivated by _____ _____.

Answer 25

Social Interest

Question 26

True or False: People who strive for success rather than personal superiority maintain a sense of self

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Second tenet: People's ______ ______ shape their behavior and personality.

Answer 27

subjective perceptions

Question 28

People strive for either success or superiority but the manner in which they strive is not shaped by reality, but by subjective perceptions of reality. That is by their _____.

Answer 28

Fiction

Question 29

What is our most important fiction?

Answer 29

The goal of superiority or success.

Question 30

Fictionalism was originated with Hans Vaihinger's book entitled, ________.

Answer 30

"The Philosophy of As If"

Question 31

"The Philosophy of As If" believed that _____ have no real existence but they influence people as if they really existed.

Answer 31

Fiction

Question 32

The notion that men are superior to women is an example of _____.

Answer 32

fiction

Question 33

Third Tenet: ________ is unified and self-consistent.

Answer 33

Personality

Question 34

In choosing the term individual psychology, Adler wished to stress his belief that each person is ______ and ______.

Answer 34

Unique ; Indivisible (It insist that inconsistent behavior does not exist.)

Question 35

The notion that a disturbance of one part of the body cannot be viewed in isolation but rather, it affects the entire person.

Answer 35

Organ Dialect

Question 36

________ is part of the goal that is neither clearly formulated nor completely understood by the individual. Whereas ______ is understood and regarded by the individual as helpful in striving for success.

Answer 36

Unconscious ; Conscious

Question 37

Fourth Tenet: The value of all human activities must be seen from the viewpoint of _____ _____.

Answer 37

Social Interest

Question 38

The original term that Adler used to describe feeling of oneness with all humanity.

Answer 38

Gemeinschaftsgefuhl

Question 39

True or False: Gemeinschaftsgefuhl implies membership in the social community of all people.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

This is defined as an attitude of relatedness with humanity in general as well as empathy for each member of the human community.

Answer 40

Social Interest

Question 41

Social interest manifests itself as _______ with others for social advancement.

Answer 41

cooperation

Question 42

True or False: Social interest originates from the father-child relationship.

Answer 42

False - mother-child relationship.

Question 43

The _____ job is to develop a bond that encourages the child’s mature social interest and fosters a sense of cooperation. While the _____ must demonstrate a caring attitude towards his wife as well as to other people.

Answer 43

Mother's ; father

Question 44

According to Adler, a successful father avoids the ______ ______.

Answer 44

dual errors

Question 45

What are the dual errors?

Answer 45

1. Emotional Detachment 2. Paternal Authoritarianism

Question 46

This type of father's error may influence the child to develop a warped sense of social interest and possibly a parasitic attachment to the mother.

Answer 46

Emotional Detachment

Question 47

This type of father's error can lead to an unhealthy style of life.

Answer 47

Paternal Authoritarianism

Question 48

For Adler, social interest is the yardstick for measuring psychological health and is the sole criterion of _____ _____.

Answer 48

human values

Question 49

True or False: social interest is the only gauge to be used in judging the worth of a person.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Fifth Tenet: The self-consistent personality structure develops into a person's ______________.

Answer 50

Style of Life

Question 51

This refers to the flavor of person's life.

Answer 51

Style of Life

Question 52

Style of life includes a person’s goal, ___________, feelings for others, and attitude toward the world.

Answer 52

Self-concept

Question 53

True or False: Style of life is the product of the interaction of heredity, environment, and a person’s creative power.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

What are the 3 major problems in life?

Answer 54

1. Neighborly Love 2. Sexual Love 3. Occupational Love

Question 55

Sixth Tenet: Style of life is molded by people's ______ _____.

Answer 55

Creative Power

Question 56

This places people in control of their own lives and to be responsible for their final goal.

Answer 56

Creative Power

Question 57

This makes each person a free individual.

Answer 57

Creative Power

Question 58

According to Adler, the one factor underlying all types of maladjustments is underdeveloped ______ ______.

Answer 58

Social Interest

Question 59

Due to lack of social interest, neurotics tend to: (3)

Answer 59

1. Set their goals too high. 2. Live in their own private world. 3. Have a rigid and dogmatic style of life.

Question 60

What are the 3 external factors in maladjustment?

Answer 60

1. Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies 2. Pampered Style of Life 3. Neglected Style of Life

Question 61

People with ______ ______ ______ sometimes develop exaggerated feelings of inferiority because they overcompensate for their inadequacy.

Answer 61

Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies

Question 62

These people have weak social interest but a strong desire to perpetuate the pampered, parasitic relationship they originally had with one or both of their parents.

Answer 62

Pampered

Question 63

This external factor in maladjustment is characterized by little confidence in themselves and the tendency to overestimate difficulties

Answer 63

Neglected Style of Life

Question 64

This external factor in maladjustment is characterized by being distrustful and unable to cooperate for the common welfare.

Answer 64

Neglected Style of Life

Question 65

This lies at the heart of most neuroses.

Answer 65

Pampered Style of Life

Question 66

Abused and mistreated children develop little social interest and tend to create a ______ style of life.

Answer 66

Neglected

Question 67

This external factor in maladjustment expect other to look after them, overprotect them, and satisfy their needs.

Answer 67

Pampered Style of Life

Question 68

This external factor in maladjustment is characterized by oversensitivity and exaggerated emotion, especially anxiety.

Answer 68

Pampered Style of Life

Question 69

These are patterns of behavior to protect their exaggerated sense of self-esteem against public disgrace.

Answer 69

Safeguarding Tendencies

Question 70

This is the safeguarding tendency is to hide exaggerated superiority complex.

Answer 70

Aggression

Question 71

Freudian defense mechanisms operate unconsciously to protect the _____ against anxiety. Whereas Adlerian safeguarding tendencies are largely conscious and shield a person’s fragile _____ from public disgrace.

Answer 71

Ego ; Self-esteem

Question 72

Safeguarding through distance

Answer 72

Withdrawal

Question 73

What are the 3 safeguarding tendencies?

Answer 73

1. Excuses 2. Aggression 3. Withdrawal

Question 74

This type of aggression safeguarding tendency is marked by self-torture and guilt.

Answer 74

Self-accusation

Question 75

These protective devices enable people to hide their inflated self-image and to maintain their current style of life.

Answer 75

Safeguarding Tendencies

Question 76

The tendency to safeguard one’s fictional goal of superiority by psychologically reverting to a more secure period of life.

Answer 76

Moving Backward

Question 77

2 types of excuses.

Answer 77

1. "Yes, but" 2. "If only"

Question 78

Adler’s concept of safeguarding tendencies can be compared to Freud’s concept of _____ _____.

Answer 78

Defense Mechanisms

Question 79

Most common type of safeguarding tendency.

Answer 79

Excuses

Question 80

True or False: Freud’s defense mechanisms are common to everyone, but Adler discussed safeguarding tendencies only with reference to the construction of neurotic symptoms.

Answer 80

True

Question 81

This type of aggression safeguarding has the tendency to undervalue other people’s achievements and to overvalue one’s own.

Answer 81

Depreciation

Question 82

True or False: Adler believed that there is an element of aggressive accusation in all unhealthy lifestyles.

Answer 82

True

Question 83

This type of aggression safeguarding has the tendency to blame others for one’s failures and to seek revenge

Answer 83

Accusation

Question 84

3 types of aggression safeguarding tendency.

Answer 84

1. Depreciation 2. Accusation 3. Self-Accusation

Question 85

Moving backward is similar to Freud’s concept of ______.

Answer 85

Regression (both involve attempts to return to earlier, more comfortable phases of life.)

Question 86

People use this safeguarding tendency in which they simply do not move in any direction, thus, they avoid all responsibility

Answer 86

Standing Still

Question 87

“It’s too late now.”

Answer 87

Hesitating

Question 88

Whereas ______ takes place unconsciously and protects people against anxiety-filled experiences, moving backward may sometimes be conscious and is directed at maintaining an inflated goal of superiority.

Answer 88

Regression

Question 89

People use this safeguarding tendency to vacillate when faced with difficult problems.

Answer 89

Hesitating

Question 90

This is the least severe of the withdrawal safeguarding tendencies wherein people build a straw house to show that they can knock it down.

Answer 90

Constructing obstacles

Question 91

True or False: Safeguarding tendencies are found in nearly everyone, but when they become overly rigid, they lead to self-defeating behaviors.

Answer 91

True

Question 92

True or False: Overly sensitive people create safeguarding tendencies to buffer their fear of disgrace, to eliminate their exaggerated inferiority feelings, and to attain self-esteem.

Answer 92

True

Question 93

True or False: In contrast to Freud, Adler believed that the psychic life of women is essentially the same as that of men and that a male-dominated society is not natural but rather an artificial product of historical development.

Answer 93

True

Question 94

According to Adler, this condition has cultural and social practices and not anatomy, influence many men and women to overemphasize the importance of being manly.

Answer 94

Masculine Protest