Adjustment Problems Flashcards
A nervous disorder characterized by a state of excessive uneasiness and apprehension, typically with compulsive behavior
Anxiety
Physiologic manifestations of anxiety
Increased BP and HR Difficulty breathing Sweaty palms Hyperventilation Trembling Dry mouth
Behavioral manifestations of anxiety
Irritability Withdrawal Restlessness Crying Nervousness Dizziness
Behaviors you engage in to resolve anxiety
Coping mechanisms
Coping mechanism: tolerates the stress
Adaptive coping
Coping strategies that increase stress
Maladaptive coping
Coping mechanism: problem-focused and involves taking direct action to alter the situation itself to reduce the amount of stress it evokes.
Task-oriented
Has two types: physical and destructive coping
Attack coping
Coping mechanism: to substitute , to sacrifice
Compromise
Coping mechanism: to defend and protect ego
Ego-defense mechanism
An anxiety related disorder that is recurrenta high in intesity and involves panic attacks
Panic disorder
Therapeutic nursing management for panic disorder
Establish support
Convey calmness
Anxiety-related disorder: chronic and unrealistic worry
Generalized anxiety disorder
Manifestations of generalized anxiety disorder
Excessive worrying
Fatigue
Sleep disturbances
Muscle tension
Management of generalized anxiety disorders
Taught coping strategies
Use problem-solving process
Promote relaxation
Cognitive Behavioral therapy
Anxiety-related disorder: morbid fear associated with extreme anxiety
Phobic disorder
Management of phobic disorder
Do not force contact
Desensitization
Hallmark of post-traumatic stress disorder
Flashback or reliving the experience
Management of post-traumatic stress disorder
Facilitate awareness
Identify triggers
Medications for anxiety
Antianxiety benzodiazepines: alprazolam (xanax), chlorazepate (tranxene), lorazepam (ativan)
Sedative-hypnotics bezodiazepines: flurazepam (dalmane), temazepam (restoril)
Non benzodiazepines: antihistamines, beta adrenergic blockers
Barbiturates: secobarbital (seconal), amobarbital (amytal)
Characterized by persistent thoughts and urges to perform repeated acts or rituals
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Risk factors of OCD
Anxiety
Biochemical factors
Family history of OCD
Biologic factors of OCD
Serotonin decreases OCD
Dopamine increases OCD
Glutamate increases OCD
Abnormalities in frontal lobe, basal ganglia, and thalamus
Recurrent presistent thoughts, impulses, images that are intrusive, disturbing, inappropriate, and usually triggered by anxiety
Obsession
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform which usually adgere to rigid and specifically defined routine
Compulsion
Dorced preoccupation with thoughts about a particular topic, associated with brooding, doubting, amd inconclusive speculation
Ruminations
Medications for OCD
SSRIs and anti-anxiety meds
Psychological treatment for OCD
Individual therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Group therapy
Nursing interventions of OCD
Limit compulsive act
Teach alternate coping methods
Maintain sleep, nutrition, ADLs
Characterized by exaggerated belief that the body is deformed or defective
Body dysmorphic disorder
Hair pulling disorder… Impulse is preceded by increasing sense of tension and results in a sense of release or gratification from pulling out of the hair
Trichotillomania
Skin picking disorder
Excoriation
