ADHD/Autism

Question 1

What are the secondary characteristics of ADHD?

Answer 1

1. motor disabilities.
2. school performance.
3. executive functioning.
4. inappropriate behaviour.
5. social relations.
6. health & sleeping problems.

Question 2

Which disorders are often found in comorbidity with ADHD in children?

Answer 2

1. ODD/CD.
2. learning disorders.
3. anxiety disorders.
4. mood disorders.

Question 3

Which disorders are often found in comorbidity with ADHD in adults?

Answer 3

1. substance abuse disorders.
2. mood disorders.
3. trauma-related disorders.
4. personality disorders.

Question 4

Which factors are related to the development of ADHD?

Answer 4

1. age of onset.
2. severity of symptoms.
3. comorbidity with CD.
4. intelligence.
5. parental functioning.
6. parental-child relationship.
7. genetics.

Question 5

What neuropsychological deficits have been linked to ADHD?

Answer 5

1. executive functioning.
2. impatience.
3. inadequate information processing.
4. brain structures of the amygdala, hippocampus and intracranial volume.

Question 6

What are the etiological theories of ADHD?

Answer 6

1. biological theories: development and neurochemistry.
2. prenatal environment.
3. psychosocial factors.

Question 7

What are the treatment options for ADHD?

Answer 7

1. pharmacotherapy.
2. psychosocial interventions.
3. multimodal treatment.

Question 8

What are the deficits in social communication in individuals with autism?

Answer 8

1. socio-emotional reciprocity.
2. non-verbal communication.
3. developing, maintaining and understanding relationships.

Question 9

What are the characteristic limited behaviours, interests of individuals with autism?

Answer 9

1. stereotypical and repetitive motor movements.
2. sticking to identical, inflexible routines, verbal or non-verbal patterns.
3. limited, rigid interests.
4. hypo- or hyperreactive to stimuli.

Question 10

What are the secondary aspects of autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 10

1. weak intellectual abilities.
2. lack of theory of mind.
3. deficits central coherence.
4. smaller physical or motor abilities.

Question 11

What are the neurobiological deviations in autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 11

1. accelerated brain growth.
2. larger brain volume in the first year of life.
3. abnormalities in the frontal lobe and cerebellum.
4. abnormalities in brain activity.
5. atypical or reduced neural connections.
6. high serotonin levels.
7. temporal lobe.
8. amygdala.

Question 12

What are the treatment options for autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 12

1. pharmacological treatment.
2. behavioural treatment.
3. TEACCH method.