ADHD Flashcards
What is the ratio of boys to girls in ADHD (child and adult)?
- Childhood = Males 3:1
- Less difference in adulthood
What are the general DSM criteria for ADHD?
- Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, 6 or more symptoms
- Adults 17+ at least 5 inattention symptoms required
- Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12 years
- Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in two or more settings (e.g., at home, school, or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities)
What are the criteria for ADHD Inattentive type?
- 6+ of inattention for kids up to age 16
- 5+ for adolescents 17+ and adults.
- Symptoms present at least 6 months. Inappropriate for developmental level
- Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities.
- Often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities.
- Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
- Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (e.g., loses focus, side-tracked).
- Often has trouble organizing tasks and activities.
- Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort over a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).
- Often loses things necessary for tasks and activities (e.g. school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, mobile telephones).
- Is often easily distracted
- Is often forgetful in daily activities.
What are the criteria for ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive type?
- 6+ symptoms for kids up to 16
- 5+ for adolescents 17+ and adults.
- At least 6 months and is disruptive and inappropriate for development level)
- Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat.
- Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.
- Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may be limited to feeling restless).
- Often unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly.
- Is often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”.
- Often talks excessively.
- Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed.
- Often has trouble waiting his/her turn.
- Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games)
What are some differential diagnoses to consider with ADHD?
- Learning Disorders, Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, Giftedness
How does ADHD interact with sleep disorders?
- Problems with sleep can exacerbate ADHD Sxs
- ## Psychostimulant medication can cause sleep disturbances for some (but can be calming/helpful with sleep for others)
What are some overlapping ADHD & Giftedness characteristics
- Over- excitability
- Intensified activity of mind
- Organic surplus of energy
- Preoccupation w/ logic and theoretical thinking
- Strong affective expressions
What does “twice exceptional” refer to?
- People who are gifted with ADHD
- They compensate for cognitive symptoms of ADHD well but at high cost
- They have inconsistent performance that is confusing and harmful to self concept
What are attention, concentration, and memory
- Attention: focus on something in the moment. State of arousal. Allocation of cog resources. Behavioral and cog process of selectively concentrating on a discrete stimulus while ignoring perceivable stimuli
- Concentration: prolonged/sustained focus.
- Memory: Attention + concentration. Not just retrieval. Attention, encoding/learning, storage, and retrieval/recall
What is executive functioning? What are some of its componenets?
- A set of mental processes including working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control.
- Some conceptualize as Organization (gathering info
and structuring for evaluation) & Regulation
(evaluating available info and modulating responses
to environment)
- Some conceptualize as Organization (gathering info
- Inhibition: ability to stop actions, thoughts, behaviors
- Shifting: ability to think flexibly and move freely between situations
- Emotional Control: ability to bring rational thought to modulate emotional responses and feelings
- Initiation: ability to begin a task or activity and to independently generate ideas responses or problem solving strategies
- Working Memory: capacity to hold info in mind for purpose of completing a task
- Planning/Organization: bility to manage current and future oriented task demands
- Organization of Materials: ability to impose order on work, play, and storage spaces
- Self-Monitoring: ability to monitor own performance to measure against some standard
What are some of the high level theories of ADHD?
- Executive Functioning model, Cognitive Energetic Model, Motivation & Delay Aversion, Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT)
What are the 3 core component of sluggish cognitive tempo? How do they fit/interact with other ADHD Sxs?
- Lethargy, underactivity, slowness
- Hypothesized as distinct from inattention and a function of earlier selective attention process
What are some reasons that people get diagnosed with ADHD as adults?
- Misdiagnosis as child (depression, anxiety, etc.)
- Parents didn’t accept Dx
- Changes in workplace demands/tasks
- Changes in relationship demands
What are some things that can mirror ADHD Sxs?
Medical issues, psychological issues, substance use, giftedness/intelligence, learning disability, reading, math, written expression, nonverbal
What are the BRIEF-A, CAARS, and Wender Utah Rating Scale used for?
Assess ADHD
