ADHD

Question 1

What is ADHD

Answer 1

Lack of concentration & hyperactivity

Behaviour inappropriate for age

Question 2

Epidemiology of ADHD

Answer 2

3-5% in Western nations

M>F

Question 3

Pathophysiology ADHD

Answer 3

decreased function frontal lobes

Question 4

Cause ADHD

Answer 4

Genetics – chromosome 5, 6, 11

Neurohormonal – dysregulation of dopamine & noradrenaline

Psychosocial – parental stress etc.

Environmental

Question 5

Risk factors for ADHD

Answer 5

CD or other disruptive disorders

ASD

LD

Anxiety, depression

FH, genetics

Question 6

Presentation of ADHD

Answer 6

Present in >1 setting (school, home, clinic)

Abnormal inattention

• Forgetful, lack of organisation, doesn’t listen, unable to follow instructions

Hyperactivity

• Talks incessantly, nerve sitting still, fidgeting

Impulsivity

• Interrupts others, cannot take turns

Tics, motor problems

Question 7

Differential for ADHD

Answer 7

Age-appropriate behaviour

Low/high IQ

Hearing impairment

Behavioural disorders

Question 8

Management of ADHD

Answer 8

Psychoeducation

Medications – stimulants, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, guanfacine

Behavioural interventions e.g. realistic expectations, contingency management

Parent training

School interventions

Treat co-morbidity

Voluntary organisations

Benefits

Question 9

Complications of ADHD

Answer 9

Suicide, self-harm

Substance misuse

Reduced academic & employment success

Criminal activity

Mental health problems