ADHD Flashcards
1
Q
ADHD Types
A
- Combined: both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity; most cases
- Inattentive: inattentive symptoms; not many hyper symptoms; 1/3 of cases
2
Q
Clinical Manifestations of ADHD
A
- usually referred by school, childcare, provider, or parent
- cannot sustain attention, curb activity level, or inhibit impulsivity
- memory issues, poor emotional control, poor organization, inability to plan or inhibit thoughts, difficulty with peers and follow instructions, cannot regulate behavior, trouble keeping friends
- affects school, peers, family, sports, etc
3
Q
ADHD Assessment
A
- interview parents, child
- P.E.: pay attention for signs of abuse, neglect, and genetic issues; obstructive sleep apnea —> tired?
- screen for lead, iron, and thyroid if indicated
4
Q
Executive Functioning
A
- set of processes that enable people to plan, organize, manage time, sustain attention, regular impulses, and problem solve (crucial to dialing functioning and academic successes)
- children with ADHD often experience executive dysfunction
- structure routines, visual aids/checklists, breaking tasks into manageable steps, using timer/reminder
5
Q
School Performance ADHD
A
- IEP or 504
- classroom accommodations: preferred seating near teacher, decrease distraction
6
Q
Pharmacological Management of ADHD
A
- Med and behavior therapy
- stimulants are most effective
- methylphenidate is more effective for
7
Q
Stimulant Response
A
- unique to each patient and should be adjusted for size, degree of impairment, age, and symptoms
- begin low and increase every 1-3 weeks, monitor side effects
8
Q
Stimulants: Changing Meds
A
9
Q
Adverse Effects of Stimulants
A
- decrease appetite, weight loss, insomnia, stomachache, and headache
- adjustment to time of day and relationship with food can help
10
Q
ADHD Non-Pharmacological Management
A
- complementary therapies
- exercise, adequate sleep, good nutrition, frequent breaks
- clean, uncluttered environment
11
Q
ADHD Overview
A
- neurodevelopmental disorder: clear neuro base, symptoms affect behavior
- chronic and very common
- intention, hyper, impulsive at a developmental inappropriate level in at least 2 settings with impairment social, academic, or occupational function
- family stress, difficulties in relationships with peers, increased injuries, driving issues, missed school and work, expensive meds
- across lifespan
- more in males; females with more intention
- prevalence in 2-17 year olds = 61%
- increased incidence in children who have ACEs
- monitor comorbidities
12
Q
DSM V Criteria for ADHD
A
13
Q
DSM V Criteria for Inattentive ADHD
A
- poor listening skills
- loses and/or misplaces items needed to complete activities or tasks
- sidetracked by external or unimportant
- forgets daily activities
- decreased attention span
14
Q
DSM V Criteria for Hyperactive/Impulsive ADHD
A
- hyperactive: squirms, fidgets, restlessness that is difficult to control; driven by motor or is often “on the go”
15
Q
ADHD Management
A
