ADHD Flashcards
What is ADHD?
What age must symptoms be present before to receive the diagnosis?
6 (5 or more if over 17 years old) or more symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning and is inconsistent with developmental level.
Before 12 years
According to the multimodal treatment of ADHD study, when did stimulants lose their effectiveness?
Approx three years after starting treatment
What are the four areas of executive function according to Barkley? (1. Nice Woman; 2. Venomous woman; 3. Skux rider; 4. Prickly organism)
- Nonverbal working memory
- Verbal working memory
- Self regulation of affect/motivation/arousal
- Planning and organisation
What is the central proposition of dr russel barkley’s executive functioning model of adhd?
Problems with behavioural disinhibition results in reduced capacity for self-regulation
Unable to delay responses and thus act impulsively without adequate consideration of future consequences
What is the delay aversion reward motivation model of adhd?
People with adhd have a preference for small immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards.
What is the delay aversion reward motivation model of adhd?
People with adhd have a preference for small immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards.
What is the state regulation model of adhd?
Insufficient arousal in response to boring or unstimulating tasks
Individuals become hyperactive as a form of self stimulation
What neurotransmitter deficiencies are associated with ADHD?
Dopamine and norepinephrine
How is dopamine functioning in 2 different dopamine pathways implicated in adhd? (Hint: miso brain & nigro stranger)
Decreased DA in mesocortical pathway (attention)
Increased DA in nigrostriatal pathway (impulsivity and hyperactivity)
What does metacognitve therapy for adhd involve? (Hint: clock, vomit, prize for action, future rewards, self-critical thoughts)
Time awareness
Chunking
Contingent self-reward
Scheduling and prioritising
Maintaining motivation by visualising long term reward
CBT methods for depressogenic and anxiogenic negative automatic thoughts that undermine self-management
How effective is MCT for adhd?
What feature of ADHD does it help? What feature does it have no effect on?
About a 50% response rate for inattention but no effect on hyperactivity
How do mindfulness based interventions target adhd symptoms? (3 processes: 1. apple core; 2. eating really; 3. sucks ass)
Enhance self regulation through 3 interacting processes
1. Improved attention control
2. Improved emotion regulation (targets disorganisation and hot temper/affective lability)
3. Altered self awareness
What 4 interventions have empirical support for improving adhd symptoms? (DOC G)
Distress tolerance and impulse control (DBT = improved executive functioning and quality of life; MBT = improvements in impulsivity and hyperactivity)
Organisational skills (i.e., procrastination tools)
CBT (about 50 % response rate, medium effect sizes, often done in conjunction with meds, can help co-occurring dep and anx)
Group CBT = normalising and acceptance
What parent training strategies help children with adhd and reduce parental stress? (Puppies in boxes eat coconuts)
Psychoeducation about adhd (i.e., reduce expectations, notice when tired)
Increased attending to and rewards for positive behaviour, ignore negative behaviour
Behaviour chart rewards (once attains enough tokens child collects a predetermined reward)
External scaffolding for executive functioning deficits (i.e., analog clock, checklists and reminders)
Consistent expectations and consequences
