Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Health > ADHD > Flashcards

ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the core symptoms of ADHD?

A
  • Inattention: distractible, unable to focus or concentrate, keep shifting activities, forgetful, cannot organise tasks etc
  • Impulsivity: cannot wait for turn, act without thinking, poor at turn taking, interrupts conversation and no sense of danger leading to accidents
  • Hyperactivity: fidgety, cannot sit still
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD?

A
  • Symptoms evident in more than one situation e.g. home, school, clinic etc
  • Onset before 7 yrs (DSM-V) and 6 yrs (ICD-10)
  • Persists for at least 6 mths
  • Caused significant functional impairment
  • Not better accounted for by other mental disorders: ASD, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, learning disability
  • Diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder can still be made in adult life - grounds are the same but attention and activity must be judged with reference to developmentally appropriate norms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the parent concerns you want to ask in a history for ADHD?

A
  • How is the child at home?
  • Does the child follow instructions?
  • Can they sit still for a task/game/film?
  • How are they outside such as supermarkets?
  • Awareness of dangers around them?
  • Traffic awareness
  • Ability to maintain focus in tasks?
  • Can ask about differences compared to their other children?
  • Meals: fussy in finishing? Do they stay at the table?
  • Sleep: able to sleep easily? Stay asleep?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the school concerns you want to ask in a history for ADHD?

A
  • Progress: academic/functioning?
  • Ability to organise tasks
  • How were they in primary vs secondary school
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the epidemiology of ADHD?

A
  • Male : female 4:1
  • Most diagnosed between 3-7yrs
  • DSM-V defines ADHD as condition incorporating features relating to inattention +/or hyperactivity/impulsivity that are persistent
  • Has to be element of developmental delay
  • For children up to age of 16yrs, 6 of the features have to be present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the management following presentation of ADHD?

A

Use 10 week wait and watch to see if symptoms change/resolve. If they persist, refer to secondary care (usually paediatrician with special interest in behavioural disorders or local CAMHS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the first management of ADHD?

A
  • Psychoeducation to child, family and school - control hyperactive behaviours
  • Behavioural management strategies - 1st line intervention including family work and parenting
  • Drug therapy should be seen as last resort and only available to those aged >/= 5yrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the pharmacological management of ADHD?

A

If failing to respond or severe symptoms:

  • 1st line: Methylphenidate
  • 2nd line: lisdexamphetamine
  • Dexamphetamine for those benefitting from lisdexamphetamine but can’t tolerate its side effects
  • Next offer atomoxetine or guanfacine if not tolerating or not responding to separate 6 week trials of lisdexamphetamine and methylphenidate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe methylphenidate

A
  • 6 week trial - CNS stimulant acting as dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
  • SE: abdo pain, nausea + dyspepsia
  • Monitor weight and height every 6 months and before starting
  • Baseline ECG before starting - BP and HR too
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What co-morbidities are there with ADHD?

A
  • Oppositional defiance disorder
  • Developmental coordination disorder
  • Tic disorder
  • Tourette syndrome
  • Learning disabilities
  • ASD
  • Depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the risk impacts of ADHD?

A
  • Poor academic achievements
  • Social impairment and low occupational status
  • Increased risk of substance abuse and increased risk of injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the differentials of ADHD?

A
  • Learning difficulties

- Speech and language disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the risk factors of ADHD?

A
  • Prematurity
  • Genetics
  • Maternal smoking/illicit drug use in pregnancy
  • Male sex
  • Evidence for being the oldest sibling and this increases with increased number of younger siblings - disruptions of attachment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can be used to assess ADHD?

A
  • SNAP questionnaire
  • Connor’s
  • School observations
  • Qb test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can be done in a classroom to help with ADHD children?

A
  • Teaching in small group or 1:1
  • Sit at front of the classroom
  • Frequent prompts from teacher
  • Short brain breaks - certain amount of time working and brief break allowed after
  • Fidget toys
  • Written task list to support verbal instructions
  • Chunking of information
  • Reward charts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would a SNAP questionnaire indicate ADHD?

A

Score above 5% is highly indicative of diagnosis of ADHD

17
Q

What does the Qb test tell us?

A

Provides an objective measure of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity:

  • Q score > 1.5 - significant difficulties
  • Q score 1-14 - atypical (or -1 to -1.4)
  • Q score between -1 and 1 is normal
18
Q

How will adolescents with ADHD present?

A
  • Difficulties in secondary school - unable to organise themselves, being late for lessons due to distractibility and forgetting PE kit/books
  • Unfocused in lessons, disruptive in class and argumentative with teachers
  • Engage in risky behaviours such as substance misuse due to impulsivity or to manage symptoms
  • Potentially with anxiety or depression
  • Challenges in relationships due to irritability or low tolerance of behaviour by peers
19
Q

What are the stimulant medications for ADHD?

A

1st line (increase low brain chemicals):

  • Ritalin group (methylphenidate)
  • Adderall group (mixed amphetamine salts)
  • Dexedrine group (dextroamphetamine)
20
Q

What are the non-stimulant medications for ADHD?

A
  • Strattera (atomoxetine)
  • Intuniv (guanfacine)
  • Kapvay (clonidine)
21
Q

What are common side effects of stimulants medication?

A
  • Poor appetite and weight loss/growth restriction
  • Troubles with sleep
  • Abdo pain/headache
  • HTN
  • Tachycardia
  • Anxiety
22
Q

What is a treatment holiday?

A

Children on medications for ADHD should have an annual review of efficacy. This can be done by a “treatment holiday” where the child doesn’t take their medication for a few days and compare their symptoms on and off medication. This can be done to aid compliance e.g. take meds on school days and break on weekends (non-stimulant taken everyday).

Mental Health (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions