Adenergic receptors

Question 1

α1(Target action)

Answer 1

• Vascular, genitourinary smooth muscle contraction
• Intestinal smooth muscle relaxation
• Liver: glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
• Salivary secretion

Question 2

α2(target action)

Answer 2

• Panreas: decrease insulin secretion
• Nerve terminals: Decrease NE release
• CNS: decrease sympathetic tone
• Platelet aggregation

Question 3

β1(Target action)

Answer 3

• Heart: Increase force(+ionotropic), Increase rate(+ chronotropic) Increase AV conduction velocity
• Kidney: increase renin release

Question 4

β2(Target action)

Answer 4

• Smooth muscle relaxation
• Skeletal muscle glycogenolysis
• Liver: glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

Question 5

D1(Target action)

Answer 5

Dilates renal vasculature

Question 6

Direct acting sympathomimetic drugs

Answer 6

Clonidine
Albuterol
Norepinephrine
Phenylephrine
Isoproterenol
Epinephrine

Question 7

Indirect acting sympathomimetic drugs

Answer 7

Mao inhibitors 
Tyramine
Ephedrine
Amphetamine
Cocaine
Tricyclic antidepressants

Question 8

Epinephrine(selectivity)

Answer 8

α, β nonselective

Question 9

Norepinephrine(selectivity)

Answer 9

α, β1 > β2

Question 10

Isoproterenol(selectivity)

Answer 10

β

Question 11

Phenylephrine(selectivity)

Answer 11

α1

Question 12

Albuterol(selectivity)

Answer 12

β2

Question 13

Clonidine(selectivity)

Answer 13

α2(centrally active)

Question 14

Therapeutic uses of adrenergic agonists and target

Answer 14

• Nasal decongestants(α1)
• Slow absorption of local anesthetics(α1)
• Antihypertensive(α2)
• Treatment of shock(β1, dopamine)
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation( α1 epi)
• Asthma(β2, airway smooth muscle)
• Anaphylactic reactions(mast cells β2; α1 resistance vessels)
• Mydriasis (radial muscle α1)
• Wide angle glaucoma(α1 for vasoconstriction: α2 for reduced secretion)
• Delay premature labor( uterine β2)

Question 15

Toxicity & side effects of adrenergic agonist

Answer 15

• Hypertensive reactions– cerebral hemorrhage( α1)
• Cardiac ventricular arrhythmias
• Myocardial ischemia
• Vasoconstriction, ischemia
• CNS Stimulation-Rebound nasal congestion
• withdrawal syndrome from α2 agonists

Question 16

Therapeutic uses of adrenergic antagonists( α-antagonist)

Answer 16

• Hypertension
• Management of pheochromocytoma
• Raynaud’s disease
• Congestive heart failure
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 17

Therapeutic uses of adrenergic antagonists(β-antagonist)

Answer 17

• Hypertension
• Angina
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Reducing mortality after myocardial infarction
• Hyperthyroidism
• anxiety states
• open-angle glaucoma
• migraine(prophylaxis)

Question 18

Toxicity of adrenergic α-antagonist

Answer 18

• Postural hypotension
• reflex tachycardia
• myocardial ischemia
• Salt and water retention
• Peripheral edema
• GI stimulation
• inhibition of ejaculation

Question 19

Toxicity of adrenergic β-antagonist

Answer 19

• Bronchoconstriction
• Bradycardia
• Precipitation of CHF
• exacerbation of angina and increased risk of death after abrupt withdrawal
• fatigue
• cold extremeties

Question 20

β receptor order of selectivity for phenylephrine, isoproterenol, and epinephrine

Answer 20

Isoproterenol > Epi&raquo_space; Phenylephrine

Question 21

α receptor order of selectivity for phenylephrine, isoproterenol, and epinephrine

Answer 21

Epi > phenylephrine&raquo_space; Isoproterenol

Question 22

How many subtypes of α1 and α2 receptors are there?

Answer 22

At least 3 subtypes of each

Question 23

How is Epi made(step by step chemicals)

Answer 23

Tyrosine–> L-DOPA –> Dopamine –> Norepi –> Epi