Addressing Flashcards
What are the three main types of addressing in communication?
Name/Identifier: Represents what (e.g., entity name).
Address: Represents where the entity is located.
Route: Represents how to reach the entity.
What is a MAC address, and where is it used?
A MAC address is a 6-octet globally unique identifier assigned by hardware manufacturers, used for local delivery in Ethernet and LAN systems.
How is an IPv4 address structured?
32 bits (4 octets) written as A.B.C.D.
Ranges from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.
Example: 137.207.32.2.
What are the classes of IP addresses?
Class A: 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0 (Few networks, many nodes).
Class B: 128.1.0.0 to 191.255.0.0 (Medium-sized networks).
Class C: 192.1.0.0 to 223.255.255.0 (Many networks, few nodes).
Class D: Reserved for multicast groups.
Class E: Reserved for experimental use.
What is a loopback address?
Loopback (127.0.0.1) is used to send messages back to the same machine for testing and diagnostics.
What are private IP address ranges for internal networks?
Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.
Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255.
Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.
What is a subnet mask, and how does it work?
A subnet mask defines the network and host portions of an IP address.
Example:
Address: 137.207.32.2, Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0, Network Address: 137.207.0.0.
Why was IPv6 developed?
Due to IPv4 address exhaustion. IPv6 provides a larger address space and features like variable-sized headers, autoconfiguration, and extension headers.
How is an IPv6 address structured?
128-bit addresses written in hexadecimal.
Example: 3A57:0000:0000:9CD5:3412:912D:6738:1928.
What is fragmentation in networking?
Breaking large packets into smaller fragments to fit the network’s MTU. Fragments are reassembled at the destination.
What is the purpose of header checksums in IP datagrams?
To detect corruption in the header, ensuring accurate routing and communication.
What are the key differences between IPv4 and IPv6 datagram structures?
IPv4: Includes fields like Version, IHL, TTL, and options for future features.
IPv6: Simplified headers, larger address fields, and optional extension headers.
How do routers determine the destination of datagrams?
Using subnet masks and routing tables. For IPv6, NATs and tunneling allow compatibility with IPv4 networks.
