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Advanced Networking > Address Allocation > Flashcards

Address Allocation Flashcards

1
Q

What is ARP used for in address allocation?

A

ARP is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses

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2
Q

Why is it a bad sign if you receive an ARP response unexpectedly?

A

It indicates a duplicate or misconfigured IP address

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3
Q

Why should static IP allocation be minimized?

A

Static allocation increases the risk of errors and management difficulties

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4
Q

What devices typically require static IP addresses?

A

Routers and critical infrastructure devices need static IP addresses

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5
Q

Why must devices with static IPs be clearly labeled?

A

To prevent IP conflicts and ensure proper network management by avoiding accidental reuse or misconfiguration.

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6
Q

What is DHCP?

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automates IP address assignment

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7
Q

Why is DHCP preferable to static allocation?

A

It simplifies management and prevents address conflicts

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8
Q

How does DHCP work?

A

It dynamically assigns IP addresses as devices join the network

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9
Q

What happens if a DHCP server goes down?

A

Devices without batteries lose their addresses and may reboot

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10
Q

Why is static DHCP not recommended for large networks?

A

It is difficult to manage and prone to failure if servers go down

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11
Q

What is the typical behavior of home routers regarding DHCP leases?

A

Home routers do not record leases and may reassign duplicate IPs

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12
Q

What are common solutions for DHCP redundancy?

A

Two servers managing different pools or one with failover capability

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13
Q

Why is having multiple DHCP servers a potential problem?

A

More servers increase complexity and potential points of failure

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14
Q

What is DHCP relaying?

A

A mechanism to forward DHCP requests to a central server

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15
Q

How do DHCP relays operate?

A

They forward packets deterministically without storing state

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16
Q

What is a rogue DHCP server?

A

An unauthorized server that disrupts network configuration

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17
Q

Why are rogue DHCP servers dangerous?

A

They can redirect traffic by altering router information

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18
Q

How is the risk of rogue DHCP servers mitigated today?

A

Encryption reduces the threat of traffic redirection

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19
Q

What is the role of Ethernet MAC addresses in networking?

A

They uniquely identify devices at the hardware level

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20
Q

How are Ethernet MAC addresses structured?

A

Three bytes identify the manufacturer and three bytes identify the device

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21
Q

Can MAC addresses be changed?

A

Yes they can be changed for compatibility or malicious purposes

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22
Q

What is SLAAC?

A

Stateless Address Auto Configuration assigns IPv6 addresses automatically

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23
Q

What is the main privacy concern with SLAAC?

A

It embeds the MAC address in the IPv6 address allowing tracking

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24
Q

How does RFC4941 improve SLAAC privacy?

A

It generates random IPv6 addresses that change periodically

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25
Q

What is RFC7217 and how does it differ from RFC4941?

A

RFC7217 creates stable IPv6 addresses consistent on the same network

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26
Q

What is the purpose of IPv6 router advertisements?

A

They announce network information to devices

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27
Q

What are the M and O flags in IPv6 DHCP?

A

M indicates managed mode and O provides additional configuration

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28
Q

Why is DHCPv6 logging debated?

A

It is easier to forge addresses reducing accountability

29
Q

What happens if a device receives a duplicate IP?

A

It may fail to connect unless duplicate detection mechanisms are in place

30
Q

Why is SLAAC not suitable for DNS configuration by default?

A

SLAAC does not provide DNS server information directly

31
Q

What is the main advantage of SLAAC over DHCP?

A

SLAAC eliminates the need for a central server

32
Q

How does DHCPDISCOVER initiate the DHCP process?

A

It broadcasts a request for an IP address

33
Q

What does DHCPOFFER provide during the DHCP process?

A

A server offers an IP address along with lease details

34
Q

What is the purpose of DHCPACK in the process?

A

It confirms the lease and finalizes the IP assignment

35
Q

Why is DHCP unauthenticated a security risk?

A

It allows unauthorized servers to tamper with network settings

36
Q

What is the effect of short lease times in DHCP?

A

They reduce conflicts after server restarts

37
Q

How do DHCP relays benefit large networks?

A

They centralize management and distribute requests

38
Q

What is a critical challenge with multiple DHCP servers?

A

Ensuring synchronization to prevent IP conflicts

39
Q

Why is DHCP essential for large dynamic networks?

A

It automates address allocation and reduces errors

40
Q

What happens during DHCP renewal?

A

A device requests to extend its current lease

41
Q

What is the impact of DHCP server failure on devices with batteries?

A

They retain their IP addresses until the lease expires

42
Q

Why is DHCP redundancy critical for reliability?

A

It ensures continuity during server outages

43
Q

What is a key limitation of unmanaged DHCP relays?

A

They rely entirely on central servers for decisions

44
Q

What is the purpose of RFC1918 addresses?

A

To provide private address spaces for local networks

45
Q

What is the main difference between SLAAC and DHCPv6?

A

SLAAC self-assigns addresses while DHCPv6 is managed by a server

46
Q

How do privacy extensions in IPv6 work?

A

They generate temporary addresses to prevent tracking

47
Q

What are the challenges of using privacy addresses for administrators?

A

Frequent changes make tracking and logging difficult

48
Q

Why do stable addresses improve IPv6 logging?

A

They remain consistent on the same network

49
Q

What is the purpose of router advertisements in IPv6?

A

To announce connectivity and network details

50
Q

How is SLAAC configured in IPv6?

A

Devices deduce the prefix and generate their own addresses

51
Q

Why is the MAC-based addressing in SLAAC a privacy concern?

A

It exposes the hardware identity across networks

52
Q

How does RFC4941 address IPv6 privacy concerns?

A

It uses random suffixes to generate temporary addresses

53
Q

What is the difference between RFC4941 and RFC7217?

A

RFC4941 creates random addresses while RFC7217 uses stable ones

54
Q

Why is redundancy not always beneficial for DHCP servers?

A

More servers increase complexity and failure points

55
Q

What is the purpose of a relay in DHCP?

A

To forward requests to a centralized server

56
Q

What is the risk of DHCP spoofing?

A

Attackers can manipulate routing and DNS information

57
Q

What is SLAAC’s limitation regarding DNS servers?

A

It does not natively provide DNS configuration

58
Q

Why is dual-stack IPv4 and IPv6 necessary?

A

IPv6 deployment is incomplete requiring fallback to IPv4

59
Q

What does DHCPREQUEST do in the process?

A

It lets a client confirm or renew an offered IP address

60
Q

How does VMware handle DHCP in modern networks?

A

It uses a virtual server with failover for reliability

61
Q

What is the role of timeouts in DHCP?

A

To release unused addresses and prevent conflicts

62
Q

What is the benefit of DHCP over static allocation?

A

It dynamically manages addresses reducing conflicts

63
Q

Why is DHCP failure considered critical?

A

It can disrupt the entire network by failing to assign addresses

64
Q

How does SLAAC simplify IPv6 address allocation?

A

It eliminates the need for a DHCP server

65
Q

What is the challenge with privacy extensions in IPv6?

A

They make tracking and debugging harder

66
Q

How does DHCPACK handle duplicate IPs?

A

It ensures only one device receives the assigned IP

67
Q

What are the risks of unmanaged DHCP servers?

A

They can assign conflicting or incorrect addresses

68
Q

Why is SLAAC preferred for simple IPv6 networks?

A

It requires no central management for address assignment

69
Q

What is a major security concern with DHCP?

A

It allows unauthorized devices to disrupt network operations

Advanced Networking (9 decks)

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