Additional topics - Reversed

Question 1

C = E(p) = (p+k) mod (26)

p is plaintext and k is the key

Answer 1

Encryption formula

Question 2

P = D ( C ) = (C - k) mod (26)

C is ciphertext and k is the key

Answer 2

Decryption Formula

Question 3

Firewalls

Answer 3

prevents unauthorized access to systems by monitoring network traffic, controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules

Question 4

VPNs

Answer 4

create encrypted connections over the internet, ensuring secure remote access and protecting data from interception.

Question 5

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)

Answer 5

monitors network traffic for suspicious activity and alerts administrators but does not take action.

Question 6

Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)

Answer 6

actively analyzes traffic and takes automatic action (like blocking or rejecting traffic) to prevent attacks in real-time

Question 7

Dictionary attack

Answer 7

is when a hacker attempts to crack a password by comparing it to a wordlist or “dictionary” of common words.

Question 8

Brute force attack

Answer 8

hackers will use multiple different combinations of letters, symbols and numbers repeatedly until it matches an existing password.

Question 9

Rainbow attack

Answer 9

is similar to the dictionary attack except it uses a precomputed table of common passwords and their corresponding hashes.

Question 10

BurpSuite

Answer 10

is a penetration testing tool used to assess web application security. Its key features include proxy web-crawling, HTTP request capture/interception, and HTTP request logging. It can also generate reports that indicate weaknesses.

Question 11

WireShark

Answer 11

is a network protocol analyzer. It is widely used to capture and display packets from a network connection in real-time. It can be used for network troubleshooting and analysis.

Question 12

ARP poisoning

Answer 12

A network attack where the attacker sends fake ARP messages to link their MAC address with another device’s IP, enabling them to intercept or alter traffic.

Question 13

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

Answer 13

maps IP addresses to MAC addresses, allowing devices on a local network to find each other.

Question 14

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)

Answer 14

is a secure version of HTTP that uses encryption (like SSL/TLS) to protect data between a web browser and a server

Question 15

SSLstrip

Answer 15

is an attack that downgrades HTTPS connections to HTTP, letting attackers intercept and read sensitive data in plain text