Additional Questions Flashcards
Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:
A. the intercostal muscles contract.
B. abdominal contents descend.
C. the diaphragm descends.
D. intrathoracic pressure decreases.
A. the intercostal muscles contract.
A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:
A. liver dysfunction.
B. renal insufficiency.
C. gallbladder disease.
D. acute pancreatitis.
A. liver dysfunction.
The spinal cord is encased in and protected by the:
A. vertebral arch.
B. vertebral body.
C. spinal canal.
D. intervertebral disc.
C. spinal canal.
When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to:
A. remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.
B. recognize that the integrity of the skin is broken.
C. assess circulation distal to the site of the injury.
D. manipulate the injury site for signs of a fracture.
A. remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.
The MOST reliable sign of a head injury is:
A. a pulse that is rapid and thready.
B. a decreased level of consciousness.
C. an abnormally low blood pressure.
D. decreased sensation in the extremities.
B. a decreased level of consciousness.
In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
a) dizziness upon standing.
b) a rapid, thready pulse.
c) a decreasing blood pressure.
d) rapid, shallow breathing.
a) dizziness upon standing.
The ______ nerves control the diaphragm.
A. costal
B. intercostal
C. phrenic
D. vagus
C. phrenic
Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to: Select one: A. administer high-flow oxygen. B. check her airway for obstructions. C. ventilate her with a bag-valve mask. D. move her to the ambulance stretcher.
B. check her airway for obstructions.
When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard, you should:
A. have the patient exhale before fastening the torso straps.
B. secure the torso and then center the patient on the board.
C. follow the commands of the person at the patient’s torso.
D. ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head.
D. ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head.
The _________ is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.
A. brain stem
B. cerebellum
C. spinal cord
D. cerebral cortex
A. brain stem
A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?
Select one:
A. Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis
B. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure
C. Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport
D. Position the patient with his injured side down
B. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure
Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: Select one: A. elevating the injured extremity. B. compressing a pressure point. C. packing the wound with gauze. D. applying local direct pressure.
D. applying local direct pressure.
Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the: Select one: A. kidney. B. stomach. C. liver. D. spleen.
C. liver.
A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:
Select one:
a. allow him to refuse transport if his vital signs remain stable
b. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam
c. perform a rapid head-to-toe exam and immobilize his spine
d. obtain a Glasgow Coma Score value and give him oxygen
b. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam
Cyanosis of the skin is caused by:
A. peripheral vasodilation
B. venous vasoconstriction.
C. increased blood oxygen.
D. decreased blood oxygen.
D. decreased blood oxygen.
You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to:
Select one:
A. provide emotional support regarding her sister.
B. advise her that she needs to go to the hospital.
C. determine if she was injured when she fainted.
D. obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history.
C. determine if she was injured when she fainted.
The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is: Select one: A. acute hypotension. B. a skull fracture. C. cerebral edema. D. a hypoxic seizure.
C. cerebral edema.
Which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn? Select one: A. Past medical history B. Known drug allergies C. Age of the patient D. Area(s) burned
B. Known drug allergies
The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at: Select one: A. C1 and C2. B. C3, C4, and C5. C. C3 and C4. D. C1, C2, and C3.
B. C3, C4, and C5.
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:
Select one:
A. systolic blood pressure exclusively.
B. ability of the blood to effectively clot.
C. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen.
D. white blood cells’ ability to fight infection.
B. ability of the blood to effectively clot.
Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. swelling. B. deformity. C. ecchymosis. D. point tenderness.
B. deformity.
You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: Select one: A. take his vital signs in 15 minutes. B. reassess his condition in 5 minutes. C. arrange for an ALS rendezvous. D. repeat your secondary assessment.
B. reassess his condition in 5 minutes.
When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar:
Select one:
A. before manually stabilizing the patient’s head.
B. after moving the patient to a long backboard.
C. after assessing distal neurovascular functions.
D. after the torso has been adequately secured.
C. after assessing distal neurovascular functions.
A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:
Select one:
A. manually stabilize her left leg, apply a traction splint, and then secure her to a long backboard or scoop.
B. carefully slide a long backboard underneath her, keep her in a supine position, and apply a splint to her leg.
C. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.
D. bind both of her legs together with triangular bandages and carefully secure her onto the ambulance stretcher.
C. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.
A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:
Select one:
A. apply firm direct pressure to the injured eye and cover the opposite eye.
B. ask her to move the injured eye to assess the integrity of the optic nerve.
C. carefully examine her eye and remove any foreign objects if needed.
D. avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.
D. avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.
Which of the following nerves carry information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord?
Select one:
A. sensory
B. motor
C. somatic
D. central
A. sensory
Assuming that no obvious signs of intra-abdominal injury are present, which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause an injury to the liver or spleen to be overlooked?
Select one:
A. Shoulder fracture
B. Pelvic fracture
C. Lumbar spine fracture
D. Femur fracture
A. Shoulder fracture
The frontal and parietal bones of the skull are especially susceptible to:
Select one:
A. linear skull fractures.
B. nondisplaced skull fractures.
C. depressed skull fractures.
D. basilar skull fractures.
C. depressed skull fractures.
Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing’s triad?
A. blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg pulse, 55 beats/min respirations, 30 breaths/min
B.blood pressure, 90/50 mm Hg pulse, 120 beats/min
respirations, 10 breaths/min
C.blood pressure, 200/100 mm Hg pulse, 140 beats/min pulse, 140 beats/min respirations, 28 breaths/min
D.blood pressure, 80/40 mm Hg pulse, pulse 30 beats/min respirations, 32 breaths/min
A. blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg pulse, 55 beats/min respirations, 30 breaths/min
The lower jawbone is called the:
Select one:
A. mandible.
B. zygoma.
C. mastoid.
D. maxillae.
A. mandible.
Neurogenic shock occurs when:
Select one:
A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.
B. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury.
C. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container.
D. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging.
A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.
When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed:
A. in an extended position
B. in a functional position
C. into a fist
D. in a straight position
B. in a functional position
A patient who does not respond to your questions, but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be:
A) conscious and alert.
B) completely unresponsive.
C) responsive to verbal stimuli.
D) responsive to painful stimuli.
D) responsive to painful stimuli.
The _________ contain(s) about 75% of the brain’s total volume.
Select one:
A. cerebellum
B. meninges
C. brain stem
D. cerebrum
D. cerebrum
The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:
Select one:
A. should be assumed to be a sign of shock.
B. indicates a state of decompensated shock.
C. is always accompanied by hypotension.
D. is most commonly caused by severe pain.
A. should be assumed to be a sign of shock.
In which of the following situations would the EMT be the LEAST likely to immobilize a patient’s spine?
Select one:
A. No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication
B. Unresponsive, but moving all extremities equally
C. No spinal pain, but tingling in the extremities
D. Pain to the c-spine, but no numbness or tingling.
A. No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication
An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n): Select one: A. amputation. B. laceration. C. avulsion. D. incision.
C. avulsion.
A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:
A) apply a cervical collar and suction his airway.
B) open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
C) apply a pressure dressing to the patient’s arm.
D) tilt the patient’s head back and lift up on his chin.
B) open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: Select one: A. nausea or vomiting. B. distention. C. diffuse bruising. D. referred pain.
B. distention.
A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:
Select one:
A. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.
B. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route.
C. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack.
D. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.
A. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.
A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:
Select one:
A. are sitting in their car and are clinically unstable.
B. are in a sitting position and are clinically stable.
C. require prompt extrication from an automobile.
D. are found supine and have stable vital signs.
B. are in a sitting position and are clinically stable.
During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:
Select one:
A. make note of it and continue your assessment.
B. apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask.
C. request a paramedic to decompress the chest.
D. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
D. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because:
Select one:
A. subcutaneous vessels are usually clotted.
B. the nerve endings have been destroyed.
C. blister formation protects the burn.
D. they are generally not conscious.
B. the nerve endings have been destroyed.
If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient whose collapse was not witnessed, you should: A) apply an AED at once. B) immediately begin CPR. C) palpate at another pulse site. D) assess for adequate breathing.
B) immediately begin CPR.
You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should:
A) start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible.
B) ask the family if the patient has a terminal disease.
C) perform CPR and transport the patient immediately.
D) notify dispatch and request a paramedic ambulance.
A) start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible
Which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct?
A. They transmit information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord
B. They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.
C. They perform special functions such as sight, smell, and hearing.
D. They are part of the CNS and control reflexes.
B. They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.
When assessing motor function in a conscious patient’s lower extremities, you should expect the patient to:
A) wiggle his or her toes on command.
B) feel you touching the extremity.
C) note any changes in temperature.
D) identify different types of stimuli.
A) wiggle his or her toes on command.
When performing the secondary assessment on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle sign. This is defined as:
A) unequal pupils.
B) bruising behind the ear.
C) swelling to the orbital area.
D) fluid drainage from the nose.
B) bruising behind the ear.
You receive a call to a daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. Your next action should be to:
A) open the airway and give two rescue breaths.
B) begin chest compressions and request backup.
C) immediately transport the child to the hospital.
D) assess for a brachial pulse for 5 to 10 seconds.
D) assess for a brachial pulse for 5 to 10 seconds.
The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:
A. conversion.
B. cavitation.
C. capitulation.
D. congruent.
B. cavitation.
Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient’s condition to deteriorate MOST rapidly?
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Subdural hematoma
C. Cerebral contusion
D. Cerebral concussion
A. Epidural hematoma
Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct?
A. The cells of the dermis are worn away and are constantly replaced.
B. The dermis produces a substance that provides color to the skin.
C. The dermis lies above the germinal layer and provides protection.
D. The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.
D. The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.
When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated:
A. heart rate and blood pressure increase.
B. hormones are released that prepare the body for stress.
C. the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate.
D. blood is shunted away from the digestive organs.
C. the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate.
His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:
A. epiglottitis
B. croup
C. pertussis
D. bronchiolitis
D. bronchiolitis
You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:
A. advise him to exhale forcefully to ensure medication absorption.
B. instruct him to hold is breath for as long as he comfortably can.
C. allow him to breathe room air and assess his oxygen saturation.
D. immediately reapply the oxygen mask and reassess his condition.
B. instruct him to hold is breath for as long as he comfortably can.
EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:
A. naloxone administration could cause seizure in this patient
B. naloxone should be administered in increments of 2 mg.
C. naloxone should not be given if the patient’s breathing is slow.
D. the effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs.
A. naloxone administration could cause seizure in this patient
Most patients are instructed by their physician to take up to _____ doeses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS.
A. three
B. five
C. two
D. four
A. three
Shortly after assisting a 65- year old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The pt remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:
A. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure.
B. transport her in a sitting position.
C. assist ventilations with a BVM
D. place her in a supine position
D. place her in a supine position
You are dispatched to a convenience store for a patient who passed out. Upon arriving at the scene, you find two off-duty EMTs performing CPR on the patient, a 58-year-old male. Your initial actions should be to:
A. quickly attach the AED and push the analyze button
B. request a paramedic unit and quickly attach the AED.
C. feel for a pulse while compressions are ongoing.
D. have the EMTs stop CPR and assess for a pulse.
C. feel for a pulse while compressions are ongoing.
Your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to:
A. avoid contaminating yourself
B. decontaminate the patient’s skin
C. move the patient to a safe area
D. obtain and maintain a patent airway
A. avoid contaminating yourself
Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by:
A. increasing the amount of stress that is placed on the myocardium
B. contracting the smooth muscle of the coronary and cerebral arteries
C. dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow
D. constricting the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow
C. dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow
Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:
A. profound increase in the patient’s heart rate
B. hypovolemia secondary to severe vomiting
C. widespread dilation of the systemic vasculature
D. decreased pumping force of the heart muscle
D. decreased pumping force of the heart muscle
Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, except:
A. hypoglycemia
B. hypertension
C. diabetes mellitus
D. elevated cholesterol
A. hypoglycemia
Ketone production is the result of:
A. blood glucose levels higher than 120 mg/DL
B. fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable
C. acidosis when blood glucose levels are low
D. rapid entry of glucose across the cell membrane
B. fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable
Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:
A. lack of exercise
B. hyperglycemia
C. family history
D. excess stress
C. family history
Upon arriving at the residence of a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it is most important to:
A. assess the scene for potential hazards
B. request a paramedic unit for assistance
C. gain immediate access to the patient
D. determine if you need additional help
A. assess the scene for potential hazards
Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:
A. who have experienced head injury
B. with systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg
C. who have taken up to two doses
D. with a history of ischemic stroke
A. who have experienced head injury
Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:
A. anxiety, dizziness, and severe bradypnea
B. altered mental status and bradycardia
C. tachypnea and tingling in the extremities
D. unilateral paralysis and slurred speech
C. tachypnea and tingling in the extremities
A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the:
A. intranasal route
B. inhalation route
C. sublingual route
D. transdermal route
A. intranasal route
Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following, except:
A. bradycardia
B. hypotension
C. hypertension
D. severe headache
C. hypertension
A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient’s condition?
A. Acute Pulmonary embolism
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
C. Exacerbation of his COPD
D. Rupture of the diaphragm
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
When the myocardium requires more oxygen:
A. the AV node conducts fewer impulses
B. the arteries supplying the heart dilate
C. the heart contracts with less force
D. the heart rate decreases significantly
B. the arteries supplying the heart dilate
Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle:
A. was received directly from the aorta
B. flows into the pulmonary arteries
C. has a high concentration of oxygen
D. enters the systemic circulation
B. flows into the pulmonary arteries
An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:
A. the patient is currently experiencing hypotension
B. transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes.
C. the patient is believed to be experiencing an acute stroke
D. authorization from medical control has been obtained
D. authorization from medical control has been obtained
You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient’s wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should:
A. attach the AED immediately
B. apply a nonrebreathing mask
C. begin ventilatory assistance
D. obtain baseline vital signs
C. begin ventilatory assistance
Ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because:
A. blood backs up into the lungs and causes congestion
B. the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood
C. the volume of blood returning to the atria increases
D. the right ventricle does not adequately pump blood
B. the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood
Angina pectoris occurs when:
A. one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm
B. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply
C. myocardial oxygen supply exceeds demand
D. a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque
B. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply
Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?
A. Bayer
B. Aspirin
C. Excedrin
D. Advil
B. Aspirin
A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious, and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:
A. place him in a position of comfort, deliver oxygen via nasal cannula, and closely monitor his breathing
B. apply a CPAP device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration
C. force fluid from his alveoli by hyperventilating him with a BVM at a rate of at least 20 breaths/min
D. place him in a supine position and assist his ventilations with a BVM and high-flow oxygen
B. apply a CPAP device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration
Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation is correct?
A. the AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient
B. CPR should be performed for 5 minutes before using the AED
C. The AED will shock any rhythm not accompanied by a pulse
D. Defibrillation is the first link in the AHA chain of survival
A. the AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient
The purpose of defibrillation is to:
A. prevent asystole from deteriorating into ventricular fibrillation
B. improve the chance of CPR being successful in resuscitation
C. cause a rapid decrease in the heart rate of an unstable patient
D. stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells
D. stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells
Ischemic heart disease is defined as:
A. absent myocardial blood flow due to a blocked coronary artery
B. decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium
C. decreased blood flow to the heart muscle due to coronary dilation
D. death of a portion of the heart muscle due to a decrease in oxygen
B. decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium
What medication form does oral glucose come in?
A. Suspension
B. Fine powder
C. Liquid
D. Gel
D. Gel
Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:
A. reduces the associated chest pain
B. dissolves the coronary artery clot
C. causes direct coronary vasodilation
D. prevents the aggregation of platelets
D. prevents the aggregation of platelets
After the AED has delivered it’s shock, the EMT should:
A. assess for a carotid pulse
B. transport the patient at once
C. re-analyze the cardiac rhythm
D. immediately resume CPR
D. immediately resume CPR
You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?
A. Begin immediate transport and request an intercept with a paramedic ambulance
B. Give her half the dose of her epinephrine in case her allergic reaction is delayed
C. Administer her epinephrine, reassess her condition, and transport her promptly
D. Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route
D. Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route
Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:
A. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood
B. severely hypoxic and is eliminating excess CO2
C. trying to generate energy by breathing deeply
D. compensating for decreased blood glucose levels
A. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood
Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:
A. blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing
B. slow, shallow breathing eliminates too much carbon dioxide
C. the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases.
D. dangerous acids accumulate in the bloodstream
A. blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing
You are attending a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:
A. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
B. pneumonia
C. influenza type A
D. tuberculosis
D. tuberculosis
Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ______.
A. alternative drive
B. CO2 drive
C. COPD drive
D. Hypoxic drive
D. Hypoxic drive
Prior to assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, the EMT must:
A. determine who prescribed the nitroglycerin
B. wait at least 5 minutes after assessing the blood pressure
C. ensure the medication is in tablet form
D. obtain authorization from medical control
D. obtain authorization from medical control
A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should:
A. leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest
B. perform ventilations only and allow the device to defibrillate
C. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest
D. remove the batter from the monitor and leave the vest in place
C. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections?
A. Multiple Sclerosis
B. Cystic fibrosis
C. Severe acute respiratory syndrome
D. Celiac sprue
B. Cystic fibrosis
After assisting your patient with prescribed nitroglycerin, you should:
A. perform a secondary assessment before administering further doses
B. place the patient in a recumbent position in case of fainting
C. reassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension
D. avoid further dosing if the patient complains of a severe headache
C. reassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension
When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:
A. the brain stem inhibits respirations
B. respirations decrease in rate and depth
C. respirations increase in rate and depth
D. exhalation lasts longer than inhalation
C. respirations increase in rate and depth
You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high-flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should:
A. remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport
B. immediately remove the nitroglycerin patch, apply the AED in case he develops cardiac arrest, and transport to the closest hospital
C. move the nitroglycerine patch to the other side of his chest in case you need to apply the AED, keep him warm, and transport without delay
D. ask him if the nitroglycerin patch he is wearing has improved his chest pressure, complete your secondary assessment, and transport promptly
A. remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport
Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?
A. chronic carbon dioxide elimination often results in activation of the hypoxic drive
B. The hypoxic drive serves as the primary stimulus for breathing in healthy individuals
C. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels
D. 100% supplemental oxygen will always cause apnea in patients with a hypoxic drive
C. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels
Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedence, which is the:
A. direction that the electrical flow takes in the body
B. distance between the two AED pads on the chest
C. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity
D. actual amount of energy that the AED will deliver
C. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity
Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct?
A. the potency of nitroglycerin is increased when exposed to light
B. nitroglycerin should be administered between the cheek and gum
C. a maximum of five nitroglycerin doses should be given to a patient
D. Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes
D. Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes
You respond to a residence for a patient who is “not acting right.” As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:
A. calm him down so you can assess him
B. contact medical control for instructions
C. retreat at once and call for law enforcement
D. be assertive and talk the patient down
C. retreat at once and call for law enforcement