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General Chemistry 2 > Additional Concepts > Flashcards

Additional Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

____________________ is an analytical technique based on the measurement of mass.

A

Gravimetric Analysis

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2
Q

___________________ measures the acidity or basicity of a solution by comparing it with a standard acid or base solution.

A

Acid-Base Titrations

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3
Q

What are the steps to be followed when performing Gravimetric Analysis?

A
  1. Weigh the sample to be analyzed.
  2. Dissolve the sample in water.
  3. Add a suitable chemical to form a precipitate.
  4. Filter to collect the precipitate.
  5. Dry and weigh repetitively until a constant mass of precipitate is obtained.
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4
Q

_________ is a common laboratory technique for determining the concentration of a solute.

A

Titration

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Solutions don’t conduct electricity because of the free flow of electrons in their structure known as electrolytes.

A

False, solutions DO conduct electricity due to electrolytes.

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6
Q

____________ are salts or molecules that ionize completely in solution. As a result, these solutions readily conduct electricity.

A

Electrolytes

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7
Q

Weak acids and weak bases are ________ electrolytes.

A

weak

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8
Q

_______________ do not dissociate into ions in solution; these solutions do not conduct electricity.

A

Nonelectrolytes

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9
Q

What law shows that the vapor pressure of a solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solvent multiplied by the vapor pressure of the pure liquid?

A

Raoult’s Law, by Francois-Marie Raoult (between 1887-1888)

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10
Q

It is a mixture of two or more substances evenly distributed in a single phase.

A

Solution

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11
Q

A component of a solution; the dissolved substance.

A

Solute

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12
Q

A component of a solution; the dissolving medium.

A

Solvent

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13
Q

Solutions are classified according to what 3 things?

A

I. amount of solute
II. presence of solute in and out of a membrane
III. concentration

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14
Q

A type of solution based on the amount of solute. A ___________ solution contains less amount of solute dissolved in a given solvent.

A

Unsaturated

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15
Q

A type of solution based on the amount of solute. The amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent is in its maximum.

A

Saturated

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16
Q

A type of solution based on the amount of solute. It contains more solute than what is present in a saturated solution. The excess solute crystallizes.

A

Supersaturated

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of solution based on the amount of solute?

A

I. Unsaturated
II. Saturated
III. Supersaturated

18
Q

The types of solution based on the presence of solute in and out of a membrane are _________, ________, and __________.

A

Hypotonic, Isotonic, and Hypertonic

19
Q

A type of solution based on the presence of solute in and out of a membrane, in which the concentration of solution inside a cell is higher than outside of it.

A

Hypotonic

20
Q

A type of solution based on the presence of solute in and out of a membrane, in which there is a higher concentration outside the cell than the inside, allowing the solvent to leave the cell causing the cell to shrink.

A

Hypertonic

21
Q

A type of solution based on the presence of solute in and out of a membrane, in which the concentration outside the cell is the same outside.

A

Isotonic

22
Q

The formation of a solution from a solute and solvent is a ________ process. (physical or chemical)

A

physical

23
Q

What is solvation?

A

It is the process in which an ion or molecule is surrounded by solvent molecules arranged in a specific manner.

24
Q

What are the factors affecting the rate of solvation?

A

I. temperature
II. concentration
III. surface area of solute
IV. concentration of solvent
V. stirring

25
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

It is a thermodynamic quantity whose value depends only on the state of the substance—the temperature, pressure, volume, etc.

26
Q

_____________ is a branch of chemistry which deals with the quantitative relationships in chemical reaction, either in mass or volume of reactants and products.

A

Stoichiometry

27
Q

__________ refers to the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent.

A

Solubility

28
Q

What factors affect solubility?

A

I. nature of solute
II. temperature
III. pressure

29
Q

What factors affect the rate of dissolvin?

A

I. stirring or agitation
II. heating
III. powdering

30
Q

It is the branch of physical science dealing with the study of matter, its composition, properties, changes it undergo, and the energy associated with the changes.

A

Chemistry

31
Q

Mass, volume, and area are examples of _________ property. (intensive or extensive)

A

extensive

32
Q

Boiling point, freezing point, and density are examples of _________ property. (intensive or extensive)

A

intensive

33
Q

The study of heat and energy changes that accompany physical and chemical processes.

A

Thermochemistry

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

A

True

35
Q

A branch of physical science that deals with the relationship between heat work and other forms of energy.

A

Thermodynamics

36
Q

What law of thermodynamics states that the energy lost by a system is gained by its surroundings and vice versa?

A

First law of thermodynamics. It is, in fact, equivalent to the law of conservation of energy.

37
Q

Endothermic vs Exothermic

A

In an endothermic process, the system absorbs heat. Meanwhile, in an exothermic process, the system releases heat.

38
Q

What is the SI unit for energy?

A

Joule

39
Q

What is the SI unit for energy?

A

Joule

40
Q

The _____________ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of A GIVEN QUANTITY of a substance by one degree celsius.

A

Heat Capacity

41
Q

The _____________ of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of ONE GRAM of a substance by one degree celsius.

A

Specific Heat

42
Q

The energy needed for one gram of a solid to melt without any change in temperature.

A

Heat of Fusion

General Chemistry 2 (2 decks)

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