(additional) Anticholinergics Flashcards
Tissue sensitivities to anticholinergics: most
Salivary, bronchial glands
Tissue sensitivities to anticholinergics: intermediate
Cardiac, SmM
Tissue sensitivities to anticholinergics - least
Gastric parietal cells, urinary system
Scopolamine
-Hyoscine, aka buscopan
-“motion sickness” in people
-Xerostomia (dry mouth), decreased gastric emptying, ileus, urine retention, constipation, excitement in cats
-Gas colic, difficult rentals in horses
-SmM relaxation
-Tertiary amine that crosses BBB
-Minimal SmM, more potent sedation/antisialagogue
Hyoscyamine
o Tropane alkaloid, levo-isomer of atropine
o Oral vagolytic – give to dogs/cats with bradycardic arrhythmias not candidates for PM
Anticholinergic Syndrome
produce symptoms due to entrance into CNS
o Atropine, scopolamine
o Restlessness, hallucinations to somnolence and unconsciousness
o Reflect blockade of muscarinic cholinergic R, inhibition of effects of ACh in CNS
Clinical Signs of anticholinergic syndrome
o CS: blind as bat (mydriasis), mad as a hatter (confusion), red as a beat (flushed skin), tachycardia, absent GI sounds, hot as a desert (hyperthermia), dry as a bone (dry mouth, urinary retention), shaking
Treatment of anticholinergic syndrome
o PHysostigmine (lipid soluble tertiary amine anticholinesterase drug) = treatment for central anticholinergic syndrome
H for head
Edrophonium, neostigmine, pyridostigmine cannot treat - cannot enter CNS
o Can be mistaken for delayed recovery from ax – ventilation may be depressed