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PII | P19 - Lectures and Additional > Additional > Flashcards

Additional Flashcards

1
Q

What did Henry David Thoreau suggest about nature?

A

In an urban context, it had regenerative, restorative powers. Manliness associated with nature

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2
Q

What did Liberty Hyde Bailey argue in 1915?

A

Permaculture ‘a permanent agriculture that will maintain itself century by century… we are not to look for our permanent civilisation on any species of robber-economy’ Especially following the closure of the frontier

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3
Q

Samuel Ordway

A

‘A History of Our Future’ Critique of unrestrained capitalism - but also communism.

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4
Q

What are the different types of counter-culture according to Roszak?

A

Revisionism - return to a pre-industrial environment Technophilia - leverage technology to achieve new methods of growth.

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5
Q

What did Kenneth Boulding argue in the 1950s?

A

Anyone who believes exponential growth can go on forever is either a madman or an economist

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6
Q

What was Paul Ehrlich’s formula for Apocalyptic environmentalism?

A

Population x affluence x technology = impact

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7
Q

What did Murray Bookchin write?

A

Our Synthetic Environment - on chemicals and industry, similar (and before) Carson

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8
Q

What is John Ruskin famous for?

A

Victorian, rejected the urban environment - encouraged people to go the countryside. Idealisation of human scale projects (think - Schumacher) - attempted to fund human scale enterprises in Lake District.

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9
Q

What book is good for detailing the idealisation of rurality?

A

Green Victorians (Jonsson)

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10
Q

What did head of the USGS Thomas Nolan invest faith in?

A

The inexhaustible resource of technology

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11
Q

Who was in the New Deal technocracy Group?

A

M King Hubbert

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12
Q

What did Herbert Marcuse write in 1967?

A

One Dimensional Man - Argues people were stripped of choice by being turned into consumers

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13
Q

What was Stuart Brand’s rival equation to Ehrlich (despite being his student?)

A

Whole Earth Catalogue -> population x technology = reduction of impact

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14
Q

What did Schumacher look upon favourably?

A

Buddhist thought - based on time in Burma -> made him sceptical. Believed technology needed to be appropriate -> intermediate technology

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15
Q

Barry Commoner

A

Biologist against nuclear testing in 1960s - Opponent of Ehrlich - issue not the number of people, but how they lived open the planet A

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16
Q

What did Buckminster Fuller write?

A

Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth - demonstrates enthusiasm behind the idea of the spaceship earth

17
Q

Who probably developed the idea of Spaceship Earth?

A

Barbara Ward

18
Q

What term did Ward coin in 1974?

A

Eco development.

19
Q

How did the G77 see appropriate technology by 1979?

A

Holding back economic development - desired growth instead.

20
Q

Which couple made Limits to a Growth?

A

Meadows Followed Up with Groping in the Dark - with colour coded pages to indicate confidence in findings.

21
Q

What were some responses to Limits?

A

The Times - Pseudo science Solly Zuckerman - ‘hysterical computerised gloom’ Robert solow - the world has been exhausting its exhaustible resources forever. William Nordhaus - “measurement without data”

22
Q

What refuted the declensionist narratives of LtG?

A

The resourceful Earth, 1983 - supported by Reagan -> stressing the capacity of Earth.

23
Q

What is notable about Ehrlich’s bet?

A

Would have won if it were the 1990s - chalked 80s failure up to the distorting effect of oil.

24
Q

What do Douglas and Thompson suggest about the nature of the fragmentation of opinion following Stockholm?

A

Divided based on social perspectives - egalitarian, fatalist, individualist and hierarchist.

25
Q

What is the difference between env policy change in US vs EU?

A

US tended to be adversarial, court oriented. EU tended to be more conciliatory. Lobbying became important in both fields. Certain groups were insiders, others not. WORLD WILDLIFE FOUNDATION more influential over Reagan due to connections to hunting. Outsiders more like greenpeace.

26
Q

What image did Greenpeace construct?

A

David v Goliath. Millions of members, v few active.

27
Q

Who were the monkeywrenchers?

A

Deep green group which destroyed machinery, supported AIDS.

28
Q

What did Brazilian Jose Sarney, 1989,

A

Argued that Ecology was 1989 manipulated by the West

29
Q

Who made Climate change a public thing in 1988?

A

James Hansen

30
Q

When does Earth systems science emerge?

A

1986 - needs advanced computing - mainly by NASA. Lovelock was working on Mars.

31
Q

What is legitimate to note in the exam?

A

‘We do not know the answer yet’

32
Q

How does Jevons connect to the future?

A

Jevons’s early work can be looked at as a pioneering study of the economics of exhaustible resources. The theoretical foundations of the economics of exhaustible resources were developed only half a century later, by Harold Hotelling (1931). It could also be said that Jevons’s study is an early example of research on the long-term sustainability of the economic system, anticipating work by the Club of Rome (Meadows et al. 1971) and the Brundtland Commission (World Commission on Environment and Development 1987).

33
Q

What did James C Scott argue about the state?

A

Generically, that the state was driven by the intention of making everything legible and controllable.

34
Q

What was the premise of Charles C Mann’s book, The Wizard and the Prophet (2018)?

A

The world has wizards (techno-fix advocates) and prophets (predictors of the future). Wizards, like Norman Borlaug - father of the Green Revolution - conflicted with the Prophets (Vogt, Sanger and Odum) - who urged conservation, based on a conviction in the idea of the carrying capacity of earth. Prophets derided the use of chemicals and science championed by wizards.

35
Q

Events of 1948

A
  • Earth Systems Science - Book, Cybernetics - Norbert Wiener, 1948
  • 1948 - first environmental organization, the International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN).
  • Vogt
  • Osborn
  • Translation and adoption of the term ‘biosphere’ from Vernadsky (1926) by Hutchinson (1948)
36
Q

limits of LtG

A

The World3 model was extraordinarily simple by later standards, treating the whole population of the world as a homogeneous group and ignoring possibilities of political shocks or major technological shifts

37
Q

Who stated that LtG made environmentalists ‘respectable’?

A

Steward Udall - Sec. for Interior

PII | P19 - Lectures and Additional (7 decks)

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