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Endocrine > Addisons > Flashcards

Addisons Flashcards

1
Q

Addison’s Disease causes disruption to which gland

A

Adrenal Gland

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2
Q

2 parts of the adrenal gland

A

Outside part: adrenal Cortex

Inside: Adrenal Medulla

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3
Q

Hormones Secreted from the adrenal cortex

A
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Mineralocorticoids
  • Androgens
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4
Q

Glucocorticoids help manage?

A

Glucose

Fat metabolism

Anti-inflamoatory properties suppressing immune response

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5
Q

Mineralocorticoids like ALDOSTERONE help with?

A

Fluid and electrolyte balance

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6
Q

Androgens are?

A

Sex hormones ex: testosterone and estrogen

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7
Q

The Adrenal medulla secretes which hormones?

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Norepinephrine (noreadrenaline)

(hormones responsible for flight of flight)

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8
Q

Addisons diseases causes______ secretion of hormones

A

Hypo

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9
Q

Hyposecretion of Hormones from Adrenal Cortex

A

Decreased Cortisol

Decreased Aldosterone

Decreased Androgens

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10
Q

Normal Function of Cortisol

A

Increases Glucose

Fat Metabolism

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11
Q

Normal Function of aldosterone

A

Retains Na and Water

Effects BP

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12
Q

Normal Function of aldosterone

A

Retains Na and Water

Effects BP

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13
Q

Cardiovascular S/S of Addisons

A

Hypotension

(Low aldosterone=low fluids=low blood pressure)

-pt will be tired and fatigued

Tachycardia

(body compensates from low BP)

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14
Q

Metabolic S/S of Addisons

A

weight loss

(cortisol responsible for fat metabolism)

(low cortisol=no fat metabolism)

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15
Q

Skin S/S of Addisons

A

Hyperpigmentation

(bronzing of skin)

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16
Q

Electrolyte Abnormalities of Addisons

A

Hyponatremia

(aldosterone responsible for Na and Water retention)

(decreased aldosterone=decreased Na)

Hyperkalemia

(anytime kidneys excrete Na, they hold onto K+)

Hypercalcemia

(normal glucocorticoids aid in bone absorption of Ca)

(decreased glucocorticoids=decreased absorption of Ca=Increased Ca in blood)

Hypoglycemia

normal glucocorticoids increase glucose levels

Decreased glucocorticoids=low glucose

17
Q

Electrolyte Abnormalities of Addisons

A

Hyponatremia

(aldosterone responsible for Na and Water retention)

(decreased aldosterone=decreased Na)

Hyperkalemia

(anytime kidneys excrete Na, they hold onto K+)

Hypercalcemia

(normal glucocorticoids aid in bone absorption of Ca)

(decreased glucocorticoids=decreased absorption of Ca=Increased Ca in blood)

Hypoglycemia

normal glucocorticoids increase glucose levels

Decreased glucocorticoids=low glucose

18
Q

Addisonian Crisis

A

Medical Emergency

Severe hypoglycemia

Severe electrolyte abnormalities

Cardiovascular collapse from lack of hormones

S/S

Severe Headache

Generalized weakness (low BP)

sudden pain in lower back or abdomen

shock (from low BP)

Dehydration (fluid volume deficient)

19
Q

Management of Addisons

A

Admin of Replacement Hormones for LIFE

corticosteroids ex: cortisone

mineralocorticoids: fludrocortisone (helps aldosterone)

Replace Electrolytes

increase salt and water intake

Monitor Vitals: esp EKG

Monitor Electrolyes

Monitor Glucose

20
Q

Addisons Assesment (Steroid)

A

S-sugar and sodum low

T-tired and muscle weakness

E-electrolyte imbalance (high K+, High Ca)

R-Reproductive changes

O-lOw BP

I-increased pigmentation

D-diarrhea, nausea, depression

(Muscle twitching from loss of sodium)

21
Q

Drugs given for Primary adrenal insufficency

A

Prednisone

Prednisolone

Dexamethasone

22
Q

Pt teaching when receiving glucocorticoids

A
  • mask sign of infection by suppressing immune system
  • caution in DM pts (cause hyperglycemia )
  • Monitor for weight gain and edema
  • Increase risk for osteoporosis
23
Q

What situation increases the risk for adrenal crisis

A

Physiological stress

-surgey, dental work, pregnancy

We increase glucocorticoids in these situations

24
Q

Priority in Addisonian Crisis

A

Preventing irreversible shock

Must give glucocorticoids to reverse hypotension

25
Q

Expected finding in pt w/ addisonian crisis

A

Pain (headache, abdominal pain, back pain, extremity pain)

26
Q

Cause of Primary Addisons Disease

A

Idiopathic atrophy of the gland

27
Q

Glucocorticoids should_____be taken without food

A

always (cause gastric irritation and ulcers)

Take with food or an atancid

Endocrine (2 decks)

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