Addictions and crime and LGBTQ Flashcards
What were early day addictions seen to reflect?
Early days addictions (like sexual offending) was seen to reflect moral depravity.
People chose to be addicts. This lead to punitive approaches (and resultant poor efficacy of treatment
What are the big 4 risk factors of criminal conduct?
History of antisocial behaviour, antisocial personality pattern, Antisocial cognition, antisocial associates. High mean correlation with criminal conduct. Minor and moderate risk factors are less correlated
What are some addiction specific assessments
AUDIT (alcohol use disorders, identification test) NIDAMED, CAGE AID, AUDIT C, DAST-10, CASA-CSC
When compared to offenders with a similar criminal history, those with substance abuse both _________________
Both started committing crimes at a younger age and continued committing crimes later in life
Are offender populations high risk or low risk samples?
High risk samples, they often experience comorbidity and are have high drug abuse/dependence and alcohol abuse/dependence
What do prevalence rates of offender populations imply for treatments?
Mental health and addictions are clear treatment areas
what are drug courts?
Drug court participants are provided intensive treatment and other services for a minimum of one year. There are frequent court appearances and random drug testing, with sanctions and incentives to encourage compliance and completion.
what does succesful completion of a drug court treatment program allow for?
Successful completion of the treatment program results in dismissal of the charges, reduced or set-aside sentences, lesser penalties, or a combination of these. Most important, graduating participants gain the necessary tools to rebuild their lives.
What kind of effect do drug courts have on recidivism?
have a tangible effect on criminal recidivism.
DOJ national study examined re-arrest rates for drug court graduates: 84% of drug court graduates have not been re-arrested and charged with a serious crime in the first year after graduation. 72.5% have no arrests at the two-year mark.
What did urban institute find about the finacial benefits of drug courts?
drug courts provided $2.21 in benefits to the criminal justice system for every $1 invested
What has been happening since 1989 with drug courts?
Since 1989, drug courts have been established or are being planned in all 50 States
What percentage of counties in the united states are served by drug courts?
47%
How much do drug courts reduce crime?
by an average of 8 to 26 percentage points; well-administered drug courts were found to reduce crime rates by as much as 35 percent, compared to traditional case dispositions.
how do drug courts in Canada work?
Application process, Crown screening, admission process, DTC program participation, Program completion,
based on data since 2007, what is known about drug courts?
over 1000 individuals have participated in a federally funded Drug Treatment Court. Of these, 35% have either graduated or are still in the program. Of the remaining 65% that were returned to the regular court system, the majority of them had achieved some quality of life improvements (e.g., no longer homeless, received several months of addiction treatment and were connected to social supports within the community)
What percentage of offenders report substance use that warrants intervention and using on the day of their crime?
70% of federal offenders report sufficient problems with substance abuse to warrant intervention .Of these, 80% report using on the day of their crimes.
What seems to be successful treatment in prison?
Therapeutic communities in prison, all programs are proving to be successful
Pathways (from intake assessment data) for creating differential profiles and treatment needs
Hedonistic-Impulsive Offender Scale
Poor Coping Offender Scale
Create Low versus High on each scale and examine implications for treatment
What is the impact of the integration of services on corrections?
Substance abuse withdrawal upon admission.
Drug seeking behavior (Involvement in underground economy, Bringing in contraband, muscling & dealing, making brew)
Debt, misconducts (leads to increased security placement)
Protective custody
What changes has homosexuality undergone in the DSM
Classification of gay, lesbian, and bisexual orientations underwent major changes in different editions
DSM-1: None
DSM-2: Sexual orientation disturbance
DSM-3: ego-dystonic homosexuality
DSM-3-Revised: dropped and in all subsequent editions
DSM-4-TR: included Gender Identity Disorder
DSM-5: Gender dysphoria
What is ego dystonic homosexuality?
mental disorder characterized by having a sexual orientation or an attraction that is at odds with one’s idealized self-image, causing anxiety and a desire to change one’s orientation or become more comfortable with one’s sexual orientation.
What is gender identity disorder?
Not agreeing with your identity
Intense desire to be the opposite sex
What is gender dysphoria?
the condition of feeling one’s emotional and psychological identity as male or female to be opposite to one’s biological sex.
What did lgbt used to be considered?
sexual deviance