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@Nur 181 Exam 1 > Addictions > Flashcards

Addictions Flashcards

1
Q

Booze, liquor, drinks, cocktails, juice, beer, wine, sauce

Symptoms of intoxication;
Aggressiveness, euphoria, impaired judgement, emotional instability, slurred speech, depression

Symptoms of Overdose:
nausea, vomiting, shallow respirations, cold clammy skin, coma or death

Symptoms of Withdrawal:
tremors, vomiting, anxiety, headache, seizures, tachycardia, high blood pressure.

A

Alcohol

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2
Q

Marijuana, Pot, grass, MJ, gaunja, Hashish

Symptoms of intoxication:
Relaxation, talkativeness, lowered inhibitions, euphoria, mood swings,

Symptoms of Overdose;
Fatigue, paranoia, delusions/hallucinations, poss. psychosis

Symptoms of Withdrawal;
restlessness, irritability, insomnia, loss of appetite, depression, tremors, headache

A

Cannabis

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3
Q

Acid, LSD, PCP, Special K, Ecstasy, X

Symptoms of Intoxication;
visual hallucinations, disorientation, confusion, paranoid delusions, anxiety

Symptoms of Overdose;
agitation, extreme hyperactivity, violence, hallucinations, psychosis, death, panic attacks

Symptoms of Withdrawal;
Psychological withdrawal, anxiety, cravings, fatigue, flashbacks

A

Hallucinogens

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4
Q

Paint thinners, fuels/gas, varnish remover, rubber cement, “huffing”
Symptoms of Intoxication;
Belligerence, blurred vision, dizziness, slurred speech, stupor/coma, euphoria

Symptoms of Overdose;
ataxia, ototoxicity, encephalopathy, Parkinsonism, damage to PNS and brain

Symptoms of Withdrawal;
Mild, not significant

A

Inhalants

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5
Q

heroin, morphine, codeine, dilaudid, Demerol, Opium

Symptoms of Intoxication;
Euphoria, lethargy, drowsiness, lack of motivation, constricted pupils

Symptoms of Overdose;
Shallow breathing, slowed pulse, clammy skin, pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest, coma, death

Symptoms of Withdrawal;
Craving drugs, nausea/vomiting, muscle aches, lacrimation/rhinorrhea, pupillary dilation, insomnia

A

Opioids

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6
Q

Barbiturates; phenobarbital, Ambien/Lunesta
Xanax, Date Rape drug, roofies,

Symptoms of Intoxication;
disinhibition of sexual or aggressive impulses, impaired judgement, slurred speech, unsteady gait, confusion

Symptoms of Overdose;
effects on organs, coma/death, CNS depression

Symptoms of Withdrawal;
nausea/vomiting, malaise, weakness, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, seizures, delirium

A

Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics

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7
Q

Java, coffee, mud, cancer sticks, cigarettes, coke, blow, cocaine, baking soda

Symptoms of Intoxication;
Euphoria, hyperactivity, restlessness, impaired judgement, nervousness

symptoms of overdose;
convulsions/death

Symptoms of Withdrawal;
headache, depression, anxiety, social withdrawal

A

Stimulants (include caffeine & tabacco)

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8
Q

physical and psychological dependence

A

substance use disorder

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9
Q

need for increasing amounts to produce the desired effects

Syndrome of withdrawal upon cessation.

A

physical dependence

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10
Q

Overwhelming desire to repeat the use of a particular drug to produce pleasure or avoid discomfort

A

Psychological dependence

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11
Q

Use of the substance interferes with ability to fulfill role obligations
Attempts to cut down or control use fail
Intense craving for the substance
Extensive amount of time spent trying to procure the substance or recover from its use
Use of the substance causes the person difficulty with interpersonal relationships or to become socially isolated
Engages in hazardous activities when impaired by the substance.
Tolerance develops and the amount required to achieve the desired effect increases.
Substance specific symptoms occur upon discontinuation of use

A

Substance Addiction

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12
Q

Development of a reversible syndrome of symptoms following excessive use of a substance.
Direct effect on the CNS.
Disruption in physical and psychological functioning.
Judgement is disturbed and social and occupational functioning is impaired

A

Substance Intoxication

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13
Q

Development of symptoms that occurs upon abrupt reduction or discontinuation of a substance that has been used regularly over a prolonged period of time.
Symptoms are specific to the substance that has been used.
Disruption is physical and psychological functioning, with disturbances in thinking, feeling, and behavior.

A

Substance Withdrawal

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14
Q 
Alcohol,
Caffeine
Cannabis
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Opioids
Sedatives/hypnotics
Stimulants
Tobacco
A

Classes of Psychoactive Substances

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15
Q

Genetics; apparent hereditary factor, particularly with alcoholism.
Biochemical; alcohol may produce morphine-like substances in the brain that are responsible for alcohol addiction

A

Predisposing Factors

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16
Q

Developmental influences
Punitive superego
Fixation in the oral stage of psychosexual development

A

Psychological factors

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17
Q

certain personality traits are thought to increase a tendency toward addictive behavior
Low self-esteem
Frequent depression
Passivity
Inability to relax or defer gratification
Inability to communicate effectively

A

Personality factors

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18
Q

Social learning; children and adolescents more likely to use substance with parents who provide model for sub. use
Use of substances may also be promoted within peer group
Conditioning: pleasurable effects from substance use act as a positive reinforcement for continued use of substance
Cultural and ethnic influences: some cultures are more prone to substance abuse than others

A

Sociocultural factors

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19
Q

Prealcoholic phase: characterized by use of alcohol to relieve everyday stress and tensions of life.

A

Alcohol Use Disorder Phase I

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20
Q

Early alcoholic phase: beings with blackouts-brief periods of amnesia that occur during or immediately following a period of drinking; alcohol is now required by the person.

A

Alcohol Use Disorder Phase II

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21
Q

The crucial phase: person has lost control; physiological dependence is clearly evident.

A

Alcohol Use Disorder Phase III

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22
Q

The chronic phase: characterized by emotional and physical disintegration. The person is usually intoxicated more often than sober.

A

Alcohol Use Disorder Phase IV

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23
Q

occurs at blood alcohol levels between 100 and 200 mg/dL

A

Alcohol Intoxication

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24
Q

occurs within 4 to 12 hours of cessation of or reduction in heavy and prolonged alcohol use

A

Alcohol Withdrawal

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25
Q 
A profile of the substance
Barbiturates
Non-barbiturate hypnotics
Anti-anxiety agents
Club agents
A

Sedative/Hypnotic Use Disorder

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26
Q 
Effects on sleep and dreaming
Respiratory depression
Cardiovascular effects
Renal function
Hepatic effects
Body temp
Sexual functioning
A

Sedative/hypnotic effects on the body

Pattern of use

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27
Q

With these CNS deppressants, effects can range from disinhibition and aggressiveness to coma and death (with increasing dosages of the drug).

A

Intoxication; from sedatives/hypnotics

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28
Q

Onset of symptoms depends on the half-life of the drug from which the person is withdrawing.
Severe withdrawal from CNS depressants can be life threatening.

A

Withdrawal from a sedative/hypnotic

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29
Q 
Amphetamines
Synthetic stimulants
Non-amphetamine stimulants
Cocaine
Caffeine
Nicotine
A

A profile of the substance

Stimulants

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30
Q 
CNS effects
Cardiovascular effects
Pulmonary effects
Gastrointestinal and renal effects
Sexual functioning
A

Stimulants effect on the body

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31
Q

Amphetamine and cocaine intoxication produce euphoria, impaired judgement, confusion, changes in vital signs (even coma or death, depending on amount consumed).
Caffeine intoxication usually occurs following consumption in excess of 250 mg. Restlessness and insomnia are the most common symptoms

A

Intoxication of Stimulants

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32
Q

Amphetamine and cocaine withdrawal may result in dysphoria, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and increased appetite.
Withdrawal from caffeine may include headache, fatigue, drowsiness, irritability, muscle pain, and stiffness, and nausea and vomiting.
Withdrawal from nicotine may include dysphoria, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, irritability, restlessness, and increased appetite.

A

Withdrawal from Stimulants

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33
Q

Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons found in substances such as fuel, solvents, adhesives, aerosol propellants, and paint thinners

A

Inhalant Profile

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34
Q

CNS effects
Respiratory effects
Gastrointestinal effects
Renal system effects

A

Inhalant patterns of use/abuse

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35
Q

Develops during or shortly after use of or exposure to volatile inhalants
Dizziness, ataxia, muscle weakness,
euphoria, excitation, disinhibition, slurred speech
nystagmus, blurred or double vision
psychomotor retardation, hypoactive reflexes
stupor or coma

A

Inhalant intoxication

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36
Q

Opioids of natural origin
Opioid derivatives
Synthetic opiate-like drugs

A

Profile of Opioids

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37
Q

CNS effects
Gastrointestinal effects
Cardiovascular effects
Sexual functioning

A

Opioid patterns of use/abuse

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38
Q

Symptoms are consistent with the half-life of most opioid drugs and ususally last for several hours.
Symptoms include initial euphoria followed by apathy, dysphoria, psychomotor agitation or retardation, and impaired judgement.
Severe opioid intoxication can lead to respiratory depression, coma, and death.

A

Intoxication of Opioids

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39
Q

From short-acting drugs (heroin)

Symptoms occur within 6 to 8 hours, peak within 1 to 3 days, and gradually subside in 5 to 10 days.

A

Withdrawal from Opioids

short acting

40
Q

From long-acting drugs (methadone)

Symptoms occur within 1 to 3 days, peak between days 4 and 6, and subside in 14 to 21 days.

A

Withdrawal from opioids

long acting

41
Q

From ultra-short-acting meperidine

Symptoms begin quickly, peak in 8 to 12 hours, and subside in 4 to 5 days

A

Withdrawal from opioids

ultra-short acting

42
Q

Dysphoria, muscle aches, nausea/vomiting, lacrimation or rhinorrhea, pupillary dilation, piloerection, sweating, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, yawning, fever, and insomnia

A

Symptoms of opioid withdrawal

43
Q

Naturally occuring hallucinogens

Synthetic compounds

A

Profile of Hallucinogens

44
Q

Use is usually episodic

A

Hallucinogens pattern of use

45
Q

Occurs during or shortly after using the drug
Symptoms include perceptual alteration, depersonalization, derealization, tachycardia, palpitations,
Symptoms of PCP intoxication include belligerence and assaultiveness and may proceed to seizures or coma

A

Intoxication of a hallucinogen

46
Q 
Nausea/vomiting
Chills
Pupil dilation
increased BP; pulse
loss of appetite
insomnia
elevated blood sugar
decreased respirations
A

Physiological effects on the body from Hallucinogens

47
Q 
Heightened response to color, sounds
distorted vision
sense of slowed time
magnified feelings
paranoia, panic
euphoria, peace
depersonalization
derealization
increased libido
A

Psychological effects on the body from hallucinogens

48
Q

Marijuana

Hashish

A

Profile of Cannabis

49
Q 
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Reproductive
Central nervous system
sexual functioning
A

effects on the body from cannabis

50
Q

symptoms include impaired motor coordination, euphoria,, anxiety, sensation of slowed time, impaired judgement,
Physical symptoms include conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, and tachycardia
Impairment of motor skills lasts for 8 to 12 hours

A

Intoxication of Cannabis

51
Q

Occurs upon cessation of cannabis use that has been heavy and prolonged
Symptoms occur within a week following cessation of use
Symptoms include irritability, anger, aggression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, depressed mood, stomach pain, tremors, sweating, fever, chills, or headache

A

Withdrawal from Cannabis

52
Q

Nurses must begin relationship development with a substance abuser by examining own attitudes and personal experiences with substances.

A

Application of the Nursing Process

53
Q

Various assessment tools are available for determining the extent of the problem a client has with substances.
Drug Hx & Assessment
Cinical institute withdrawal assessment of alcohol scale
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST)
CAGE Questionaire

A

Nursing Process: Assessment

54
Q

Have you ever felt you should Cut down on your drinking?
Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
Have you ever felt bad or Guilty about your drinking?
Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves (Eye-opener)

A

CAGE Questionaire

55
Q

Clients with a coexisting substance disorder and mental disorder may be assigned to a special program that targets the dual diagnosis
Program combines special therapies that target both problems

A

Dual Diagnosis

56
Q

Ineffective Denial related to weak, underdeveloped ego
Outcome: Client will demonstrate acceptance of responsibility for own behavior and acknowledge association between personal problems and use of substance(s).

A

Nursing Diagnosis

57
Q

Ineffective Coping related to inadequate coping skills and weak ego
Outcome: Client will be able to demonstrate more adaptive coping mechanisms that can be used in stressful situations (instead of taking substances)

A

Nursing Diagnosis

58
Q

Imbalanced Nutrition less than body requirements/Fluid volume deficit related to drinking or taking drugs instead of eating
Outcome: Client will be free from signs and symptoms of malnutrition/dehydration

A

Nursing Diagnosis

59
Q

Risk for Infection related to malnutrition and altered immune condition
Outcome: Shows no sign or symptoms of infection

A

Nursing Diagnosis

60
Q

Chronic Low Self-Esteem related to weak ego, lack of positive feedback
Outcomes: Exhibits evidence of increased self-worth by attempting new projects without fear of failure and by demonstrating less defensive behavior toward others

A

Nursing Diagnosis

61
Q 
Deficient Knowledge (effects of substance abuse on the body) related to denial of problems with substances evidenced by abuse of substances
Outcomes: Verbalizes importance of abstaining from use to maintain optimal wellness.
A

Nursing Diagnosis

62
Q 
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
other medications
Naltrexone (ReVia)
Nalmefene (Revex)
SSRIs
Acamprosate (Campral)
A

Pharmacotherapy for alcoholism

63
Q

Benzodiazepines
Anticonvulsants
Multivitamin therapy
Thiamine

A

Psychopharmacology for substance intoxication and substance withdrawal from Alcohol

64
Q 
Narcotic antagonists
Naloxone (Narcan)
Naltrexone (ReVia)
Nalmefene (Revex)
Methadone
Buprenorphine
Clonidine
A

Psychopharmacology for substance intoxication and substance withdrawal from Opioids

65
Q

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

Long-acting benzodiazepines

A

Psychopharmacology for substance intoxication and substance withdrawal from Depressants

66
Q

Minor tranquilizers
Major tranquilizers
Anticonvulsants
Antidepressants

A

Psychopharmacology for substance intoxication and substance withdrawal from Stimulants

67
Q

Benzodiazepines

Antipsychotics

A

Psychopharmacology for substance intoxication and substance withdrawal from Hallucinogens and cannabinols

68
Q

a powerful desire for something

A

craving

69
Q

to use wrongfully or in a harmful way. Improper treatment or conduct that may result in injury.

A

abuse

70
Q

the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else.

A

Dependence

71
Q

the ability or willingness to tolerate something in particular to the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily

A

Tolerance

72
Q

the action of withdrawing something, removal, elimination

A

withdrawal

73
Q

a physical and mental state of exhilaration and emotional frenzy or lethargy and stupor.

A

Intoxication

74
Q

Blood alcohol levels, 0.02% relaxed, 0.04% relax cont. buzz develops, 0.06% cognitive judgement impaired, 0.08% legally intoxicated, nausea can appear/motor coordination impaired, 0.10% clear deterioration in cognition and motor judgement, 0.15%- .25% blackouts, .25%-.35% pass out/risk of death, .40%-.45% lethal dose

A

BAL (difference in levels)

75
Q 
questionaire
Cut down on your drinking
Annoyed @ people for criticizing
Guilty about drinking
Want to drink 1st thing in the morning. Eye opener
A

CAGE Questionaire

76
Q

Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale
Flow sheet of measuring s/s over a period of time during buprenorphine induction.
Evaluates 11 common opiate withdrawal s/s

A

COWS

77
Q

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale

10 item scale, used in assessment and management of withdraw of alcohol

A

CIWA

78
Q

Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test

alcohol screening test identifying dependent drinkers 98% accuracy

A

MAST

79
Q

The use of various medications to decrease the intensity of symptoms in an individual who is withdrawing from, or experiencing the effects of excessive use of, substances.

A

Substitution Therapy

80
Q

A client has a dual diagnosis when it is determined that he or she has a co-existing substance disorder and mental illness. Treatment is designed to target both problems.

A

Dual Diagnosis

81
Q

A physical and mental state of exhilaration and emotional frenzy and lethargy and stupor.

A

Intoxication

82
Q

The physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of an addictive substance.

A

Withdrawal

83
Q

C2H5OH or ETOH
whiskey means “water of life”
around since 6400BC

A

alcohol

84
Q

peripheral nerve damage;
pain, burning, tingling etc
Common in chronic alcoholics
Process reversible, if abstinence of alcohol and restoration of nutritional defeciences

A

Peripheral Neuropathy

85
Q

acute or chronic pain/swelling, poss. blood in urine
Vit B deficiency
Abstinence from alcohol

A

Alcoholic Myopathy

86
Q

Most serious form of thiamine deficiency

death can occur

A

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

87
Q

confusion, loss of memory and confabulation

A

Koraskoff’s Pychosis

88
Q

effects of alcohol on the heart is an accumulation of lipids in the myocardial cells, resulting in an enlargement and a weaken condition.

A

Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

89
Q

inflammation and pain in the esophagus-toxic effects of alcohol on the esophageal mucousa

A

Esophgitis

90
Q

effects of alcohol on the stomach include inflammation of the stomach include inflammation of the stomach lining.
-break down the stomach lining mucosal barrier-allowing acid to erode stomach wall.

A

Gastritis

91
Q

acute or chronic 1 to 2 days after binge of excessive alcohol consumption.

A

Pancreatits

92
Q

inflammation of the liver caused by long term heavy alcoholism use

A

Alcoholic Hepatits

93
Q 
"crocodile"
10x more potent 10x cheaper
Russia now AZ
extremely addictive; rots skin inside and out
opiate like heroin
A

Desomorphine

94
Q

methylenedioxpyrovalerone
bath salts; zombie drug
crystal meth and LSD

A

MDPV

95
Q

reversal drug for opioids

A

Narcan

96
Q

bupernorfen and nocloxin
28 days immediate through 3 weeks
blocks high withdrawing
antihypertensive for opioids withdrawal

A

Syboxin

@Nur 181 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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