ADDICTION WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNT PP

Question 1

Drug groups? Name and specify 2 each - DEPRESSANTS

Answer 1

Alcohol

Opioids

Question 2

Drug groups? Name and specify 2 each - STIMULANTS

Answer 2

Caffeine

Cocaine

Question 3

Drug groups? Name and specify 2 each - HALLCUINOGENS

Answer 3

Acid

Ketamine

Question 4

Drug groups? Name and specify 2 each - CANNABIS

Answer 4

Marijuana

Synthetic Cannabis

Question 5

 What are the DSM criteria for addiction?

Answer 5

Clinician can determine how severe the substance use disorder is depending on how many symptoms are identified [out of 11]. E.g. craving and urges to use substance. Taking substance in larger amounts. Development of withdrawal symptoms

Question 6

 What is tolerance?

Answer 6

Needing more of the substance to get the effect you want

Question 7

 What is withdrawal?

Answer 7

Unpleasant physical/mental affects that result when you stop doing or taking something.

Question 8

List the factors that can influence the development of addiction

Answer 8

Genetic factors – 400 genes believed to contribute to being alcohol dependent and has 25-50% chance.

Question 9

Impact of addiction of the person.

Answer 9

Liver [drinking causes inflammation [hepatitis], worsens if co-morbid to Hep C
Lover – alcohol involved in most domestic disuputes
Livelihood
- leading cause for mistake and poor performance at work
- Alcohol affects serotonin binding in the brain causing depression and anxiety

Law – alcohol leading contributor to crime

Question 10

 Discuss with your neighbour what the impact of alcohol is on NZ society.
 What is the impact on Maori?

Answer 10

Over represented in both alcohol use and alcohol harm compared to non maori. Associated with effects of colonisation and poorer social-conomic status.

Question 11

 What is the impact on youth?

Answer 11

Youth have higher rates of CEP [Co-existing problems, usually refers to addiction and MH diagnoses]

Question 12

What is the impact on people with experience of mental illness?

Answer 12

disorder (such as depression, anxiety, social phobia) were found to be 74 percent and only 10 percent of this sample were engaged in mental health services. The correlation between the two fields (Mental health and addiction) goes both ways – people use drugs to alleviate mental heath symptoms (ie anxiety/low mood) and drug use causes mental health conditions (ie: low mood/anxiety/psychosis).

Question 13

 What is a brief intervention?

Answer 13

Brief Intervention is defined by any interaction with a client where the clinician is attempting to promote changes to at risk health behaviours….
Brief Intervention is mostly defined by the delivery style of the clinician. An empathetic and non-judgemental approach during assessment and discussion is the most remembered feature of the session by clients, above any information received.

Question 14

Brief Intervention is most effective for clients at the

Answer 14

‘abuse’ or less severe ‘dependence’ spectrum

Question 15

 write down the core components of a brief intervention.

Answer 15

ASEAN, MI and FRAMES

Question 16

ALCOHOL PP Key Points of alcohol withdrawal

Answer 16

• appear between 6 and 48 hours after heavy alcohol consumption decreases
• The severity of alcohol withdrawal varies
• Initial symptoms may include headache, tremor, sweating, agitation, anxiety and irritability, nausea and vomiting, heightened sensitivity to light and sound, disorientation, difficulty concentrating, disturbed sleep

Question 17

Delirium tremens (DT’s)

Answer 17

• Delirium tremens is the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and is a medical emergency
• Delirium tremens occur in people who are severely alcohol dependent
• Typically occurs after 2 -5 days of untreated severe withdrawal syndrome i.e.: (48-96 hrs) after the patient’s last use of alcohol

Question 18

Nursing management of withdrawal

Answer 18

• Focuses on five areas
• Minimising the progression to severe withdrawal
• Decreasing risk of injury to self or others
• Eliminating risk of dehydration, electrolyte and nutritional imbalance
• Reducing risk of seizures
• Identifying the presence of concurrent illness that mask/mimics withdrawal

Question 19

Pharmacological and symptom management

Answer 19

• Anti – psychotics may be required for hallucinations, are also used to reduce agitation
• Thiamine should be administered to any person who is a heavy drinker and at risk of alcohol withdrawal
• Multi vitamins should be given
• fluid status monitored regularly (Matua Raki, 2012, p.19)
• Nausea/vomiting (maxalon)
• Diarrhoea ( immodium and encourage fluid intake) Avoid a fatty diet.
• Irritability (chlorpromazine)