Addiction- Opiods Flashcards
What did Munro 2015 say?
27 million people in America had a drug problem in 2012
What did Whitford 2010 say?
mental health and substance use disorder are the largest contributors to years lost due to disability
What did Hasin 2013 say?
DSM-5 criteria states that any 2 of the following in a 12 month period - hazardous use neglected major roles withdrawal tolerance attempts to quit physical dependence
Talk through the theory of addiction
Postulated by Koob an Volkow 2010
- model proposes that actual brain changes happen in addiction and explains the persistent vulnerability to relapse long after drug taking has ceased
spiralling dysregulation of brain reward systems- allostasis
Define the allostatic state
chronicdeviation of reward set point driven by dysregulated reward circuits of brain and endocrine stress response
Define the allostatic state
chronic deviation of reward set point driven by dysregulated reward circuits of brain and endocrine stress response
What does FRAMES stand for?
F- feedback R- responsibility A- advice M- menu E- empathy S- self-efficacy
What are the two different types of tolerance?
Pharmacodynamic (functional) - cellular responses to a substance is reduced with repeated use and a common cause is high concentration of the ubtance constantly binds to the receptor and desensitizes it through constant interactions
What are the two different types of tolerance?
Pharmacodynamic (functional) - cellular responses to a substance is reduced with repeated use and a common cause is high concentration of the subtance constantly binds to the receptor and desensitizes it through constant interactions
Pharmacokinetics
occurs because of a decreased quantity of the substance reaching the site it affects. This may be caused by an increase in induction of the enzymes required for degradation of the drug e.g. CYP450 enzymes. This is most commonly seen with substances such as ethanol.
What did Bull and Hales 2017 say?
opiod morphine analgesia needs
What did Bull and Hales 2017 say?
opiod morphine analgesia needs MOPr- morphine activation of mu opioo receptors causes disinhibition of neurons in the VTA mediated by B-arrestin 2 and c-SRc
beta arrestin 2 recruitment after MOPr agonist binding/activation it acts as a scaffolding protein interacting with MAPK, Src and AKT
Who said that a lack of beta arrestin causes increase in morphine conditioned place preference?
Bohn et al 2003
BECAUSE BETA arrestin causes decreased effects of opiods and increased tolerance meaning increase pain
What does Lam 2011 say?
beta arrestin knockout will cause decreased tolerance and increase effects of opiods meaning decreased pain
BUT DOES not cause dependence to the morphine
So essentially, Beta arrestn knockout causes basal analgesia by MOPr activation which can be reversed by naloxone but it does not cause dependence by constituitively active MOPr
what did Urs et al 2011 say?
beta arrestin knockout did not show increase in morphine stimulated locomotion, thus beta arrestin is needed for full locomotion and also D1/D2 receptors
suggest a potential role for a D1R-dependent βarr2/pERK signaling complex in selectively mediating the locomotor-stimulating but not the rewarding properties of morphine.
name the 5 dopamine pathways
nigrostriatal tuberoinfundibular mesocortical mesolimbic tuberohypophyseal
