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Mark K > Addiction and Aminoglycosides > Flashcards

Addiction and Aminoglycosides Flashcards

1
Q

What is the number 1 problem with psychological problems? How do you respond/treat?

A

Denial

Confront them by pointing out the difference between what they say and what they do

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2
Q

What is DABDA?

A

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

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3
Q

How do you respond differently for denial in loss compared to abuse?

A

Loss –> support

Abuse –> confront

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4
Q

What is dependency vs co-dependency?

A

Dependency: when the get the significant other to do things or make decisions for them. Therefore the abuser is dependent

Co-dependency: when the significant other derive self-esteem for doing things or making
decisions for the abuser

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5
Q

How is dependency/co-dependency treated?

A

Dependent abuses need to be confronted

Co-dependent need to set limits and ENFORCE them. Say NO. Work on self-esteem

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6
Q

What is manipulation? How is it different than co-dependency?

A

Manipulation is when the abuser gets the significant other to do things or make decisions
that are not in the best interests of the significant other

Manipulation leads to harm of SO and co-dependency is not harmful/dangerous

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7
Q

What is Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome? What is the cause?

A

Wernicke - encephalopathy

Korsakoff - psychosis

Vitamin B1 deficiency

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8
Q

What are the s/s of Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome? Treatment?

A

Amnesia (memory loss) and confabulation (making up stories that they believe are real)

  1. Preventable … Take B1
  2. Arrestable (stop it from getting worse) … Take B1
  3. Irreversible (70%) … Will kill brain cells
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9
Q

What is a medication that can be used to help treat alcohol abuse? How does it work?

A

Antabuse and Revia (disulfiram)

Works by creating a aversion. When taken and mixed with alcohol it creates a unpleasant effect leading to hatred of alcohol

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10
Q

How long does it take for disulfiram (antabuse/revia) to start working? Stop working?

What should pt avoid?

A

2 weeks to start and 2 weeks to stop

Anything with alcohol including mouth wash, cologne, perfume, aftershave, ANY med with name elixir, insect repellant, hand Sani, vanilla extract

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11
Q

What drugs are an upper?

A

Caffeine
Cocaine
PCP/LSD
Methamphetamines
Adderall

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12
Q

If a drug is NOT one of the 5 uppers then what is it?

A

A downer

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13
Q

What s/s does an upper cause? Biggest concern?

A

THINGS GO UP!

Euphoria, seizures, restlessness,
irritability, hyperreflexia (3+, 4+),
tachycardia, increased bowels (borborygmi), diarrhea, spastic

SIEZURES –> suction

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14
Q

What s/s does a downer cause? Biggest concern?

A

THINGS GO DOWN!

Lethargic, respiratory depression/arrest,
constipated, etc.

RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION/ARREST –> intubation/ventilate

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15
Q

What does an overdose on an upper look like?

A

TOO MUCH

Everything goes up?

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16
Q

What does an withdrawal on an upper look like?

A

TOO LITTLE

Everything goes down. Looks like overdose on an downer

17
Q

What does an overdose on a downer look like?

A

TOO LITTLE

Everything goes down

18
Q

What does an withdrawal on a downer look like?

A

TOO MUCH

Looks like an overdose on an upper

19
Q

When there is drug abuse in a neonate what does you assume within 24 hours of birth? After 24 hours?

A

ALWAYS assume intoxication in a newborn less than 24 hours

ALWAYS assume withdrawal in a newborn after 24 hours

20
Q

What will every alcoholic go through ___ hours after they have stopped drinking?

Is it life threatening?

A

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome occurs 24 hours after drinking stops

NON life threatening (reg diet, semiprivate room anywhere on unit, pt is ad lib, no restraints)

21
Q

Less than 20% of alcoholics in Alcohol withdrawal syndrome will progress to _____ in _____ hours

A

Less than 20% of alcoholics in Alcohol withdrawal syndrome will progress to DELIRIUM TREMENS in 72 hours

22
Q

Is Delirium Tremens harmful? What changes should occur?

A

LIFE THREATENING to self and others

NPO/clears d/t seizures
Private room near nurses
Restraints w/ bed rest (2 point lock letter restraints)

23
Q

What do you give both patients with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome and Delirium Tremens?

Why these meds?

A

Anti-HTN meds, Tranquilizer, multivitamin with B1

Anti-HTN and tran - withdrawal on downer so everything goes up
B1 - metabolize alcohol and prevent Wernicke/Korsakoff

24
Q

What do Aminoglycosides treat?

A

A mean old mycin

A mean and old infection such as TB, sepsis

END in MYCIN

25
Q

What drugs end fun MYCIN but are not Aminoglycosides and how do you know?

A

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin

ALL have THRO is throw them out

26
Q

What are toxic side effects of Aminoglycosides? How do you remember?

A

Ototoxic - hearing, tinnitus, balance
Nephrotoxic - creatinine

MCYIN sound like mice. Mice have big ears. It is toxic to ears and the kidneys look like ears

27
Q

What CN are aminogylcosides toxic to? How often do you administer them?

How do you remember?

A

Toxic to CN8 (ear nerve)
Administer every 8 hours

MCYIN sound like mice. Mice have big ears. You can easily draw an 8 in the ears

28
Q

Why are mycins given PO? What happens if they are?

A

They are not absorbed –> no systemic effects

If given they sterilize the gut

29
Q

What 2 situations would you sterilize the gut? What meds would you use?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy/hepatic coma (too much ammonia)
Pre-op bowel prep

“Who can sterilize my bowel? Neo Kan!”
Neomycin and Kanamycin

30
Q

What 2 routes are Aminoglycosides given?

A

IM or IV

31
Q

When is a trough drawn?

A

30 minutes before the next dose no matter the route (at medications lowest concentration in blood)

32
Q

When is a peak drawn for SubL?

A

5-10 minutes after drug dissolved

33
Q

When is a peak drawn for IV?

A

15-30 minutes after a drug is finished/bag empty

34
Q

When is a peak drawn for IM?

A

30-60 minutes

35
Q

If there are 2 correct answers regarding a time frame should you big the longer time frame or shorter?

A

ALWAYS pick the longer time frame

For example if an IM med was given and you need to draw peak, pick the answer that says it should be drawn in 60 minutes (30-60 min timeframe)
OR
For example a patient states they haven been on their antidepressant meds for 1 week and they were told it would work in 2-4 weeks but it still doesn’t have any effect you should tell the patient it can take 3 more weeks before seeing effects

Mark K (12 decks)

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