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addiction Flashcards

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1
Q

problems from heroin

A

N&V, constipation, respiratory depression, LOC. injections- local abscess, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septicaemia

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2
Q

acute problems from benzos

A

forgetful, drowsy, impaired concentration. IV- limb ischaemia

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3
Q

what does cocaine potentiate (neurotransmitters)

A

dopamine, serotonin and NA and blocks their reuptake

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4
Q

long term effects of stimulants

A

dependence, anxiety, irritability and restlessness, mood disturbances, psychosis

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5
Q

medical side effects stimulants

A

cardiac arrhythmias, MI, chest pain, resp arrest, CVAs, headache, epileptic seizure

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6
Q

what does MDMA do to neurotransmitters

A

increase serotonin

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7
Q

how long can urine tests stay +ve after cannabis

A

1 month

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8
Q

side effects of cannabis

A

paranoia, panic attacks, delayed reaction times, chronic- dysthmic, anxiety, amotivational syndrome

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9
Q

side effects anabolic steroids

A

hypertension, hypogonadism, gynaecomastia, amenorrhoea, liver damage, impotence, aggressive, fatigue

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10
Q

opiate detox what drugs can be used

A

methadone 50-100mg a day. buprenorphine 16mg a day

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11
Q

symptomatic medication used in detox

A

lofexidine, loperamide

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12
Q

what medication is used post detox once opiate free

A

naltrexone

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13
Q

what drug is used in opiate overdose

A

naloxone

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14
Q

what happens to tolerance in detox

A

decreased tolerance so more chance of OD

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15
Q

withdrawal symptoms benzos

A

anxiety, insomnia, tremor, agitation, headache, nausea, sweating, depersonalisation, delirium

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16
Q

what can you use to treat benzo withdrawal

A

diazepam

17
Q

how does methadone work

A

saturates the opiate receptors in the brain

18
Q

harm reduction drugs

A

needle exchange, information about infections, infection testing and vaccination

19
Q

how much alcohol can be metabolised per hour

A

1 unit (8g)

20
Q

where is 98% alcohol metabolised

A

liver

21
Q

how is alcohol measured

A

blood alcohol concentration

22
Q

if you have alcohol tolerance what is the relationship between blood alcohol conc and intoxication

A

high BAC not intoxicated

23
Q

what happens with alcohol and asian people

A

metabolically inactive form alcohol dehydrogenase, get a flushing reaction

24
Q

complications alcohol misuse

A

acute toxicity, coma, risk aspiration, hypoglycaemia, acute renal failure. psych- delirium, amnesia, Wernicke Korsakoffs

25
Q

what markers are there in the blood for excess alcohol consumption

A

incr MCV, Y-GT, CDT

26
Q

assessment patient alcohol misuse

A

life time pattern, current pattern, signs de[endence, problems related to alcohol, prev treatment attempts, pt goals, FHx

27
Q

advised units for men and women

A

21 units a week men, 14 women. at least 2 days non drinking

28
Q

withdrawal alcohol

A

malaise, nausea, autonomic hyperactivity, tremulousness, labile, insomnia, hallucinations, illusions, seizures. delirium tremens in 5%

29
Q

signs of alcohol dependence

A

CANT SSTOP . compulsion, aware of harms, neglect of other activities, tolerance to alcohol, stopping causes withdrawal, stereotyped pattern of drinking, time preoccupied with alcohol, out of control use, persistent wish to cut down

30
Q

what questionnaire can be used to detect alcohol dependence

A

CAGE questionnaire- have you tried to Cut down your drinking; have people Annoyed you by suggesting you do so; have you felt Guilty about drinking; have you needed an Eye opener

31
Q

what is foetal alcohol syndrome characterised by

A

decreased muscle tone, poor coordination, developmental delay, heart defects, a range of facial abnormalities

32
Q

management alcohol addiction

A

acute detox- in hospital if risk of delirium tremens or seizures, benzo- chlordiazepoxide or diazepam, rehhydration correction of electrolytes, oral or parenteral thiamine

33
Q

how can delirium tremens be treated

A

lorazepam or antipsychotics- haloperidol, olanzapine

34
Q

what is delirium tremens

A

psychotic- delirium, tremors, hallucinations, anxiety

35
Q

medication which may help maintain abstinence after detox

A

disulfiram- blocks alcohol metabolism, acamprosate- works on GABA, naltrexone

Psych (15 decks)

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