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BD 2 > Addiction > Flashcards

Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the deffinition of a drug?

A

any chemical substance that: has a direct effect on the user’s physical, psychological, and/or intellectual functioning.

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2
Q

What is the definition of drug abuse?

A

using a drug in ways it was not intended; no longer being responsible or in control of thoughts, feelings or behavior leading to harm to self or others.

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3
Q

How is addiction defined?

A

Addiction is the compulsive uncontrolled use of habit forming drugs.

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4
Q

Define Addictive behaviors or “Process Addictions”.

Give some examples of adictive behaviors.

A

Process Addictions are the addiction to certain mood-altering behaviors.

  • Gambling, Sexual behaviors, Internet use, Video game behavior, Stealing, Compulsive buying, Eating, Exercising/running
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5
Q

When do most people become addicted to adictive drugs?

A

Most new cases of drug dependence develop during adolescence.

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6
Q

What are the short term risks associated with weed use?

A

–Anxiety and panic in new users
–Paranoia and psychosis in high doses
–Impaired motor coordination interfering with driving skills
–Impaired short term memory making learning difficult

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7
Q

What are the longterm risks assocated with weed use?

A

–Addiction
–Alterations in brain development
–Poor educational outcome and increased likelihood of dropping out
–Cognitive impairment
–Symptoms of chronic bronchitis
–Increased risk of psychosis disorders in those who are predisposed

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8
Q

What diseases can weed treat?

A

–Glaucoma
–Nausea
–AIDS-associated anorexia and wasting
–Chronic pain
–Inflammation
–Multiple sclerosis
–Epilepsy

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9
Q

Who abuses alcohol the most?

Which populaions are at greatest risk for alcohol dependence?

Is alcohol use assocated with mental illness?

A
  • White adolescents and adults more likely to abuse alcohol than African Americans
  • Binge & heavy use drinking lowest among Asian Americans
  • Alcohol dependence highest among Native Americans and Hispanics
  • 21.3% of those with alcohol abuse or dependence also have at least 1 mental disorder
  • e.g. personality, mood, or anxiety disorders, or schizophrenia
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10
Q

What are the 3 C’s of drug abuse?

A

Control

  • Early social/recreational use
  • Eventual loss of control
  • Cognitive distortions (“denial”)

Compulsion

  • Drug-seeking activities
  • Continued use despite adverse consequences

Chronicity

  • Natural history of multiple relapses preceding stable recovery
  • Possible relapse after years of sobriety
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11
Q

What is stage 1 of drug use?

A

Curiosity, person considers using the drug, but does not try/acquire it.

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12
Q

What is stage 2 of drug use?

A

Experimentation (learn about drug effect)
Factors that increase the likelyhood the drug will be tried

  • Adolescence
  • Opportunity and social circumstances

Early experience with drug effect

  • Dose/response, person learns how to take the drug and what to do to achieve optimal effect
  • Some like it, some don’t
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13
Q

What is stage 3 of drug use?

A

Frequent use

  • User spends more time securing and using the drug
  • use is recreational or self-therapeutic (less about experimenting)
    • Regular weekend or weekday user
      • Use begins to affect function
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14
Q

What is stage 4 of drug use?

A

Habitual Use (user becomes preoccupied with drug effect)

  • main priority in life is aquiring the drug and using it
  • Function is severely affected
    • truancy/work absenteeism, failing at family and social relationships, stealing, lying, dealing
  • Increasing symptoms of psychopathology
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15
Q

What is stage 5 of drug use?

A

Chronic or Burnout (drug use is apart of identity)

  • Using drugs to feel normal
  • Little identity beyond user
  • Some organic brain changes and developmental disability
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16
Q

Describe the addition cycle.

A
17
Q

DSM-V criteria for drug abuse

A
  • Use of drug in larger amounts and over longer period than intended.
  • Persistent desire to reduce use
  • **Obtaining **drug becomes main priority in life
  • Strong craving for the substance.
  • **Affects life at ** work, school or home.
  • Priorities drug use over important social, occupational, recreational activities .
  • use of drug despite high risk for physical damage
  • use despite awareness of physical or psychological problems.
  • Tolerance- need for increased amounts to achieve desired effect
  • Risk of withdrawal if use is discontinued
18
Q

What are the 3 levels of drug abuse defined by the DSM-V?

How many criteria are needed to make diagnosis?

A
  • 2-3 (mild)
  • 4-5 (moderate)
  • 6+ (severe)
19
Q

How does the medical model treat drug abuse?

How is it viewed?

What are its prefered treatments?

A

Addiction is a disease of brain manifesting abnormal neurotransmitter function.

  • Conforms to disease model: Agent, Vector, Host
    • based on the notion that there is a genetic basis for addiciotn
  • By keeping the drug from the host they canot use it

treatment

  • Use drugs to block the abused drug’s effect
20
Q

How does the psychological model of drug abuse view addiction?

How does it treat drug addiction?

A

Drug abusers use drugs to treat underlying psychological problems

  • Drug use is a maladaptive psychological coping strategy
  • Drug abusers self medicate

Treatment for drug abuse

  • Recovery demands that users need to resolve internal conflict
21
Q

According to the social model what is the cause of drug addiction?

A

Drug use is learned behavior

  • People use because it is modeled by other people
  • Peer influence is active in decision to use

Drug abuse is stopped by having pts change their environment and remove those who influence their drug abuse

22
Q

What is the moral (criminal) model of drug abuse?

A
  • Addicts are weak and can overcome compulsion to use with will power
  • They choose to use drugs which are evil
  • They are anti-social and merit punishment
23
Q

What are some common Characteristics of Addicts?

A
  • Unemployment
  • Multiple criminal justice contacts
  • Difficulty coping with stress or anger
  • Tendency to act violently
  • Emotional and psychological difficulties
  • Family problems and difficulty sustaining long-term relationships
  • Educational and vocational deficits
24
Q

What are the most common risk factors for drug abuse?

A
  • Genetics
  • Young Age of Onset
  • Childhood Trauma (violent, sexual)
  • Learning Disorders (ADD/ADHD)
  • Mental Illness
25
Q

What are some barriers for the provider to provide substance abuse treatment?

A

Why is there low access to substance abuse treatment?

  • Low reimbursement rate

Treatment Principles:

  • No single treatment appropriate for all. Matching treatment to particular problems and needs is needed.
  • Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of individual, not just drug use.
  • Treatment needs to be readily available.
  • Treatment must be flexible; assessed and modified as needed.
  • Sometimes harm reduction is only possible outcome (Ex: clean needles)
26
Q

What are some common treatments?

(describe both outpaitent and impaitent)

A

Outpatient
–Counseling: Individual, Family
–Behavioral therapy
–12-step groups
–Pharmacotherapy
Inpatient
–Detoxification
–Acute residential
–Long-term residential
•Half-way house
•Therapeutic school

Other
•Wilderness programs
•Boot camps

27
Q

Why dont paitents seek treatment?

A
  • They don’t want to stop
  • They don’t believe there is a problem
  • They are ashamed or afraid because of societal stigma
  • Physician perceived as unknowledgable or too busy
  • Fears of exposure to law enforcement
  • Fears of loss of family role, marriage, custody
28
Q

What is the main cognative therapy used to treat substance abuse?

A
  • Contingency-Management Therapy
    • Teaches user how to avoid
      • locations assciated with use
      • Deal with difficult situations associated with use
      • Deal with individuals who encourage use

BD 2 (10 decks)

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