ADD NOTES Flashcards
What is the SAMPLE & REAGENT used for forward typing?
patient red blood cells + Anti-sera reagents (Anti-A and Anti-B)
What is the SAMPLE & REAGENT used for reverse typing?
patient serum + reagent A cells and reagent B cells
physical expression of a genotype
PHENOTYPING
example AO but phenotypes as Group A
GENOTYPE
having 2 identical alleles of a particular gene or
genes
HOMOZYGOUS
the presence of 2 different alleles at a particular
gene locus.
HETEROZYGOUS
Represents the inheritance of a double dose of the h gene (hh) & its RBCs do not react with the anti-H lectin (Ulex eropaeus)
BOMBAY PHENOTYPE Oh
Occurs if the child expressed an antigen that he could not have inherited from
the potential father.
DIRECT EXCLUSION
Occurs when a genetic marker is absent in the child but should have been
transmitted by the alleged father
INDIRECT EXCLUSION
seen only in Group A individuals.
associated with??
acquired B
colorectal malignancy, GI obstruction, gram-negative
sepsis
At what pH does not agglutinate acquired B cells?
pH of 6.0
Serves as a source for Anti-A1 reagent. This is used to differentiate A1 from A2 phenotypes
Dolichus biflorus
Arrange the Ag from greatest to least?
O > A2 > B > A2B > A1> A1B
Greatest Least
Most Rh antibodies are ____ immunoglobulins and react optimally at _____
Ig G, 37C
ABO blood group system has naturally occurring antibodies that are
primarily ____
Ig M
If C is in trans position
C in Trans to RHD
D antigens expressed are complete but fewer in number
Weak D
D antigen expression is weakened when one or more D epitopes within the entire D protein is either missing or altered.
Partial D
Individuals whose RBC possess an extremely low number of D antigen sites.
Del
has anti-P specificity with biphasic activity
Donath-Landsteiner
In Donath-Landsteiner the antibody attaches to RBCs at ___ and then causes the red cells to hemolyze
when warmed to ____
4C, 37C
contain mostly I antigen, and anti I would react with all _____ found on screen or panels cells.
Adult cells (2)
contain mostly i antigen and would test negative or only weakly positive with anti I
Cord cells
Compatibility testing may be performed on a patient sample ____ of the scheduled transfusion
w/n 3 days
“stacks of coins” appearance of RBCs
CAUSES?
Rouleaux formation
Causes: increased serum proteins like fibrinogen and globulins
this term refers to removing or “dissociation”of an antibody that is attached to the surface of an RBC.
Elution
adherence of an antibody or antigen onto the surface of an RBC.
Adsorption
associated with antibodies to human leukocyte antigens or neutrophil antigens that react with patient granulocytes causing acute respiratory insufficiency.
TRALI
Patients with ____ cannot fight bacterial infection because of dysfunctional phagocytic enzymes
CGD
Patients with _____ antibodies should not receive components containing plasma.
anti-IgA
prospective donor is unable to donate blood for
a limited period of time
Temporary deferral
Prospective donor is unable to donate blood for
someone else for an unspecified period of time due to current
regulatory requirements
Indefinite deferral
Prospective donor will never be eligible to
donate blood for someone else.
Permanent deferral
enhances the separation of white cells from the red cells
Hydroxyethyl starch
