Adaptive Tissue Responses

Question 1

Name the 4 Adaptive changes to Mature Cells and Tissue

Answer 1

1. Atrophy 2. Hypertrophy 3. Hyperplasia 4. Metaplasia

Question 2

What is Atrophy

Answer 2

A Reduction in the size or amount of the organ, tissue or cell

Question 3

What is Apoptosis

Answer 3

Programmed Cell Death Catabolism > Anabolism

Question 4

Causes of Atrophy

Answer 4

• inadequate nutrition, - decreased blood supply, - loss of innervation, - decreased workload (disuse), - prolonged pressure, - decreased or aberrant hormonal stimulation, - physiological (eg: thymus), - aging.

Question 5

What is Hypertrophy?

Answer 5

Increase in the size of an organ of tissue due to an increase in the size of its specialised cells

Question 6

THere are 2 causes of Hypertrophy what are they and give an example

Answer 6

1. Compensatory
   
   1. removal of kidney
   2. increased workload - striated and cardiac muscle
2. Hormonal
   
   1. Pregnancy cuases uterine hypertrophy

Question 7

What is Hyperplasia?

Answer 7

An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to an increase in the number of its specialised cells

• May be due to pathological or physiological causes

Question 8

What is Metaplasia

Answer 8

• Change from one type of specialised fully differentiated adualt cell to another adult cell type. (often less specialised)
• a protective response
• hoever some functions are lost
• reprogramming of stem cells by cytokines, growth factors (TGF-b) ECM componants