Adaptive Immunity: Third Line of Defence

Question 1

What two parts does the adaptive immune response consist of?

Answer 1

*Include two parts: humoral & cell-mediated immunity

Question 2

Describe humoral immunity

Answer 2

*Consists of B lymphocytes and antibodies
*Occurs in bodies humours

Question 3

Describe cell-mediated immunity

Answer 3

*T lymphocytes
*Fights against intracellular pathogens

Question 4

Describe the function of the lymphatic system

Answer 4

*Collects interstitial fluid and filters it back into the blood system.
*Transports a range of white blood cells and is site of much immune response.

Question 5

What does antibodies do?

Answer 5

*Binds to specific antigen molecules, forming an antibody complex

Question 6

What are the two distinct regions of an antibodies and their functions?

Answer 6

*Constant region and Variable region
*Constant- recruits other members of the immune system.
*Variable- allows different antigens to bind.

Question 7

Draw a diagram of an antibodie

Answer 7

*refer to diagram booklet

Question 8

What process does the function of antibodies lead to?

Answer 8

*Agglutination that clumps the antigens together, making it susceptible to action of phagocytes. Prevents pathogens from binding to body cells.

Question 9

List and define the types of lymphocytes.

Answer 9

*Cytotoxic T Cells (kill virus infected and damaged cells)
*Helper T Cells (help cytotoxic T cells and B cells in their immune function)
*B Cells (produce antibodies)

Question 10

Draw a diagram of the humoral immune response (in the lymph node)

Answer 10

*refer to the diagram booklet

Question 11

What marker does the Cytotoxic T Cell recognise antigens?

Answer 11

*Recognises specific antigens on MHCI markers of infected cell and becomes activated.

Question 12

Draw a diagram of Cell Mediated Immunity (step.1)

Answer 12

*refer to diagram booklet

Question 13

Draw a diagram of Cell Mediated Immunity (step.2)

Answer 13

*refer to diagram booklet

Question 14

What is the difference between active and passive, naturally acquired immunity?

Answer 14

*Active: through bodies own immune response to foreign antigens. Creates memory cells and long term immunity.
*Passive receives already made antibodies. Does not lead to memory cells and long term immunity.

Question 15

Describe artificially acquired immunity (active, passive, herd)

Answer 15

*Active: through immunisation from vaccines which stimulate the immune response
*Passive: receiving already made antibodies through injections
*Herd: Large proportion of population is immune to a disease there are few susceptible individuals to sustain disease spread.

Question 16

Describe vaccinations and what it promotes

Answer 16

*Promotes primary immune response, production of memory cells leads to acquired immunity and future protection.