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Immunology Lectures > Adaptive Immunity: T cell Responses > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity: T cell Responses Flashcards

1
Q

Things that happen in the thymus

A
  • T cells commit to the T-cell lineage
  • T cells complete rearrangement of the TCR
  • T cells become either ab or yd cells
  • development of unconventional T-cells (NKT/MAIT)
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2
Q

Components of a TCR

A
  • 2 chains
  • V region
  • C region
  • hinge (H)
  • transmembrane region
  • cytoplasmic tail
  • disulphide bond
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3
Q

CD4 T cell subpopulations

A
  • Th1
  • Th2
  • Treg
  • Th17
  • Tfh
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4
Q

Purpose of Th1

A
  • intacellular pathogens

- autoimmunity

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5
Q

Purpose of Th2

A
  • extracellar parasites

- asthma and allergy

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6
Q

Purpose of Treg

A
  • immune tolerance
  • lymphocyte homeostasis
  • regulation of the immune response
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7
Q

Role of Th17

A
  • extracellular bacteria
  • Fungi
  • tissue inflammation
  • autoimmunity
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8
Q

Purpose of Tfh

A
  • CXCR5+

- help to B cells

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9
Q

How are Tregs developed in the periphery?

A

in the presence of retinoic acid and TGF-B

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10
Q

Mechanisms of Suppression by FoxP3+ Tregs

A
  • Deprivation of Tcon
  • Active killing of Tcon
  • Production of regulatory cytokines
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11
Q

Cytotoxic effector molecules

A
  • Perforin
  • granzymes
  • granulysin
  • Fas ligand
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12
Q

What are the unconvential T cells and what are they restricted by?

A

NKT (CD1-restricted)

MAIT (MR1-restricted)

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13
Q

Characteristics of yd T cells

A
  • limited TCR gene usage
  • can recognise antigens directly
  • recognise non-peptide antigen
  • enriched in epithelial tissues
  • express TLRs
  • produce inflam cytokines
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14
Q

What do NKT cells respond to?

A

glycolipid antigens presented on CD1d molecules

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15
Q

Which cytokines do NKT cells secrete?

A 
IL-2
IL-4
IL-10
IL-13
GM-CSF
TNF
IFNy
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16
Q

How do T cells enter the lymph nodes?

A
  • rolling (selectins)
  • activation (chemokines)
  • adhesion (integrins)
  • diapedesis (chemokines)
17
Q

How do lymphocytes in the blood enter lymphoid tissue?

A

through the walls of high endothelial venules

18
Q

Signals that prime naive T cells

A
  • interaction between specific MHC: peptide complex on APC and TCR
  • co-stim signals that promote survival and expansion (CD28+B7)
  • additional signals that direct differentiation (cytokines)
19
Q

What is the relationship between telomere length and antigen experienced

A

Gets shorter as more antigen experienced

20
Q

Why are polyfunctional T cells better?

A
  • a single cells is able to respond to antigen through multiple effector functions
  • produce more cytokine per cell
21
Q

Potential T cell immune correlates

A
  • T cell phenotype
  • T cell function
  • T cell antigen specificity
  • HLA restriction
  • T cell receptor

Immunology Lectures (12 decks)

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