Adaptive Immunity: Cell-mediated Response

Question 1

MHC class involving cytotoxic or CD8 T cells

Answer 1

MHC class I

Question 2

MHC class involving helper or CD4 T cells

Answer 2

MHC class II

Question 3

MHC class that deals with extracellular pathogens

Answer 3

MHC class II

Question 4

MHC class that deals with intracellular pathogens

Answer 4

MHC class I

Question 5

What are the 4 differences of T cell receptors with antibodies?

Answer 5

• TCRs only recognize short peptides
• short peptides are presented by MHC
• TCRs do not undergo differentiation or hypermutation
• TCRs do not have a free-floating form

Question 6

The alpha and beta chains of the T cell receptor are similar to the ____ fragment of antibodies

Answer 6

Fab

Question 7

What gene segments code for the α chain?

Answer 7

V and J

Question 8

What gene segments code for the β chain?

Answer 8

V, D, and J

Question 9

T/F: T cell receptor diversity also involves RAGs and DNA recombinations

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: T cell receptors have C genes that are NOT functionally identical

Answer 10

False

Question 11

enzymes which cut transposons and copy + paste them to other parts of DNA

Answer 11

transposases

Question 12

support proteins of T cell receptor complex that function in transducing signals

Answer 12

CD3δ, CD3γ, CD3ε, ζ chain

Question 13

Which class of T cell receptors is similar in all jawed vertebrates?

Answer 13

α:β

Question 14

MHC class II molecules are found on what types of cells?

Answer 14

macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells

Question 15

MHC class I molecules are found on what types of cells?

Answer 15

almost all nucleated cells except for erythrocytes

Question 16

potential to bind to different peptides

Answer 16

promiscuous binding specificity

Question 17

In MHC class I, foreign proteins are loaded into the _____.

Answer 17

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

In MHC class II, foreign proteins are loaded into the _____.

Answer 18

endosomes

Question 19

large barrel-shaped protein complex that degrades damaged, misfolded, or unneeded proteins in the cytosol

Answer 19

proteasome

Question 20

proteasome that produces peptides that bind to MHC class I molecules

Answer 20

immunoproteasome

Question 21

interferon that induces formation of immunoproteasomes

Answer 21

IFN-γ

Question 22

form of proteasome present in the absence of infection and IFN-γ

Answer 22

constitutive proteasome

Question 23

protein that transports broken down peptides from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing)

Question 24

chaperone protein that attaches β2 microglobulin to 3α domain proteins in MHC class I

Answer 24

calnexin

Question 25

proteins that help in peptide bonding

Answer 25

calreticulin and ERp57

Question 26

brings MHC I closer to TAP

Answer 26

tapasin

Question 27

shortens peptides so that it may fit better in MHC I

Answer 27

endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP)

Question 28

MHC class II chain that is identical in all individuals and prevents molecules of ER from binding

Answer 28

invariant chain

Question 29

covers binding site on MHC class II

Answer 29

class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP)

Question 30

removes CLIP for proper loading of antigen

Answer 30

human leukocyte antigen - DM (HLA-DM)

Question 31

enables extracellular antigens to be presented by MHC class I

Answer 31

cross-presentation

Question 32

highly polymorphic HLA-I which present antigen to CD8 T cells + ligands of NK cells

Answer 32

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

Question 33

oligomorphic HLA-I which present antigen to ligands of NK cells

Answer 33

HLA-E, HLA-G

Question 34

monomorphic HLA-I which acts as chaperone to MHC class I molecules

Answer 34

HLA-F

Question 35

highly polymorphic HLA-II which present antigen to CD4 T cells

Answer 35

HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR

Question 36

oligomorphic HLA-II which aids loading onto HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR

Answer 36

HLA-DM, HLA-DO

Question 37

region in chromosome 6 responsible for mostly MHC-related or antigen presentation-related genes

Answer 37

class I

Question 38

region in chromosome 6 responsible for genes related to TAPs, tapasins, and immunoproteasomes

Answer 38

class II

Question 39

region in chromosome 6 responsible for proteins not related to MHC

Answer 39

class III

Question 40

interferon that activates CIITA (MHC class II transactivator) and MHC class II molecules

Answer 40

IFN-γ

Question 41

give 4 reasons why HLA class I most likely evolved first

Answer 41

1. Most of HLA-II genes code for proteins strictly for antigen presentation to T cells, while HLA I genes contain proteins with other functions
2. HLA-I related genes are found in other chromosomes
3. HLA-II is more compact compared to HLA-I
4. Some organisms such as Atlantic cod survive with only HLA-I

Question 42

different sides of antigen bind to MHC and T cell receptor

Answer 42

MHC restriction

Question 43

MHC diversity results from ____

Answer 43

natural selection by infectious disease

Question 44

occurs when recombination combines segments with point mutations to homologous segments

Answer 44

interallelic conversion / segment exchange