Adaptive immunity Flashcards
What makes the adaptive immune system
Humoral(B cell mediated)
Cell mediated( T cell mediated)
T cell processing
First T cell is reacted with an antigen until it develops reactivity
Second T cell reacts with a different antigen and so on…
Results in many many different T cells moving to the body
Clonal expasion
All B cells produce diff antibodies
Antigen binds to a specific B cell and activates it
The activated cell swells and divides to plasma and T-MEMORY cells
Plasma cells produce more specific antibodies that stimulated its production
T memory cell remains in circulation and does not produce antibodies
T helper
CD4, activate T, B and other immune cells
T regulatory
CD4 and CD25, distinguish btw self and non self
T cytotoxic
CD8,remove pathogens and infected host cells
Natural Killer Cells
Kills cells that do not have MHC I
igG
opsonization and neutralization
has 4 subclasses
igM
produced first when there is an antigen invasion
igD
unknown function
igE
Allergy
Antibody function
Agglutination
Neutralization
Precipitation
Lysis
Phagocytosis
Inflammation
Complement system
20 proteins
C1-C9,B and D
Plasma proteins
Complement system pathways
Classic pathway
Alternative pathway
Explanation of pathways
EXERCISE BOOK
When and how do T cells intervene
B cells present antigen that had been phagocytosed by the macrophage to T helper cells
T helper cells then release cytokines (INTERLEUKINS)
What do INTERLEUKINS produced by T helper cells do
Promote differentiation of B and T lymphocytes (CLONAL EXPANSION)
Which cells produce INTERLEUKINS
T helper cells and CD4
Why do natural killer cells destroy cells that do not have MHC I
They are regarded as non self
igA
Forms dimers
Found along the tract
Difference between passive and alternative pathway of complement system
Passive- C1 binds to an antibody-antigen complex
Alternative- C3 binds to the pathogen directly
What splits C3 in alternative pathway
Factors
Factors involved in alternative pathway
P,B and D
