Adaptive Immune Response (3rd Line)

Question 1

How do monoclonal antibodies kill cancer?

Answer 1

1) Opsonisation

2) Complement activation

3) Conjugated mAbs
- when given a payload of radioactive
compound to kill cancer

4) Receptor blocking

5) Interception of Signalling molecules

Question 2

When does a Cell Mediated Response occur?

Answer 2

When cytotoxic T cell encounters fragments of antigen presented on MHC I

i.e. starts with an infected cell

Question 3

When does a Humoral Immune Response Occur?

Answer 3

When B lymphocytes find and respond to free antigens

Question 4

How are mAbs made?

Answer 4

1) Mouse injected with antigen to produce antigen specific plasma cells

2) Plasma cells removed and fused with Myeloma cells, forming Hybridoma

3) Hybridoma makes large quantities of monoclonal antibodies which are then isolated to be used

Question 5

Explain the immune response of a recently vaccinated person after being infected with that pathogen

Answer 5

1) The viral antigen is identified as non-self

2) B/T memory cells become active

3) Plasma cells are produced

4) Antibodies are rapidly produced, alongside the antibodies already present

5) Virus is neutralised/agglutinated and unable to infect cells.

Question 6

Do plants have an adaptive immune response?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Why are the lymph nodes important?

Answer 7

They are the site of antigen presentation

Question 8

What is the purpose of the valves in the lymph nodes

Answer 8

Prevent lymph from flowing backward

Question 9

Before exposure to an antigen, what cells are present in the adaptive response

Answer 9

• naïve B cells (with one B cell having a complementary receptor to the antigen. This B cell will be clonally selected and expanded)

Question 10

How do B memory cells recognise antigens?

Answer 10

Through their complementary receptors

Question 11

What happens to antibodies that are not useful at the moment?

Answer 11

They get apoptised