adaptive Flashcards
what are the key differences between adaptive and innate
innate- since birth, CANT differentiate between self/nonself, is NONspecific and rapid
adaptive- develops throughout life, CAN differentiate self/nonself, is SPECIFIC and slow, has memory, has B and T cells
what are key differences between humoral and cellular immunity
humoral- produces antibodies, involves B cells, fight invaders outside the cell
cellular- produces cytokines, involves T cells, fight antigens within the cell
what is an antigen
a foreign chemical that elicts a production of antibodies and can bind with those antibodies
how does the body differentiate self from nonself
major histocompatibility complex
what is class I MHC
on the membrane of self (nucleated) cells
what is class II MHC
on the surface of antigen presenting cells (including B cells)
what is the MHC
a collection of genes that encode the body self proteins and allow for selective destruction
what is the relationship between B cells and plasma cells
B cells are the precursors to plasma cells, changing in response to antigen exposure
what is an antibody
what recognizes and attaches to antigens
what is the structure of an antibody
Y shaped, with a two light chains and two heavy chains, have a constant and variable region, is all held together by disulfide bonds
what are the characteristics of IgG antibodies
2 binding sites, can cross placenta to provide passive immunity, and can fix complement
what are the characteristics of IgM antibodies
10 binding sites, can fix complement, are very efficient
what are the three reasons for diversity of antibodies
rearrangement of gene segments, generations of different codons during gene splicing, somatic mutations
what are the four possible interactions between antibodies and antigens
agglutination, opsonization, neutralization, activation of complement
what is agglutination
forces antigens to clump, making them easier to deal with
