Adaption COPY Flashcards
What do organisms require to survive and reproduce
A supply of materials from their surroundings and from the other living organisms there
What do plants often compete with each other for
Light and space, and for water and nutrients from the soil
What do animals often compete with each other for
Food, mates and territory
What are extremophiles
Organism as that live in environments that are very extreme, containing high levels of salt, high temperatures or pressures
Adaptations include
-Structural adaptations eg the ways in which organisms are shaped, or coloured -Behaviroual adaptations eg migration -Functional adaptations, related to processes such as reproduction and metabolism
Where do fleas live
Amongst the hair of mammals
Adaptations of fleas
They have sharp mouthparts to enable them to suck blood The body is flattened so that the flea is not easily dislodged It has a hard body that is not damaged when the mammal scratches It’s long hind legs enable the flea to jump from host to host
Where do tapeworms live
Tapeworms live amongst the intestines of mammals and many other groups of animals
Adaptations of tapeworms
They have both suckers and hooks to fix themselves to the wall of the intestine The body consists of flattened segments whose main function is to produce large numbers of eggs They have no gut; their flattened sharp provides a large surface area for the absorption of soluble food from the host gut. A thick outer cuticle protects the tapeworm from the hosts digestive enzymes
What are malarial parasites
Single felled organisms that cause malaria in humans
The different forms of malarial parasite in order
Gametocytes Sporozoites Merozoites Schizonts (Some merozoites)
Gamecytes
Gamecytes Infect mosquitoes and reproduce sexually. When the mosquito has sucked blood containing Gamecytes, these pass into the salivary glands of the mosquito, where they develop into a new form, the sporozoites
Sporozoites
Sporozoites are passed on to humans when the mosquito bites, injecting its saliva into blood vessels. The sporozoites travel with the blood to the liver and enter the liver cells. In the liver some of the sporozoites divide and become thousands of merozoites
Merozoites
Merozoites are released from the liver into the blood, where they enter the red blood cells. Some of these turn into schizonts
Schizonts
Schizonts burst the red blood cells, releasing more merozoites. This release coincides with the fever attacks seen when a person has malaria
