Adaption and evolution

Question 1

What is adaption?

Answer 1

A feature that allows an organism to live in its normal environment even when the conditions are extreme ( eg very hot ,very salty, very high pressure)

Question 2

What adaptions does the rafflesia arnoldi have to allow it to reproduce?

Answer 2

It produces flowers that smell of rotten corps so that very smelly flowers increase the chance of flies visiting. These flies carry pollen from one plant to another.

Question 3

What adaptions does sea birds have to allow it to survive?

Answer 3

Sea birds get rid of salt by crying very salty tears from a special salt gland

Question 4

What adaptions does water lilies have to allow it to survive?

Answer 4

Lots of big air spaces in leaves which allows them to float in their watery environment and make food by photosynthesis

Question 5

What are herbivores?

Answer 5

Animals that feed on plants. They`re teeth are adapted for grinding up plant cells

Question 6

What are carnivores?

Answer 6

Animals that et other animals. They`re teeth are adapted for tearing flesh or crushing bones

Question 7

Plants and animals have become adapted in many different ways to reduce the risk of being eaten by predators. Describe these adaptions?

Answer 7

Camouflage - predators less likely to see the prey
Mimicry/warning colouration - Predators is likely to confuse the prey (eg poisonous organism)
Thorn/prickles/spines/horns- These are sharp and are likely to hurt the predator
Long limbs/streamlining - These increase speed and make it more likely for the prey to outrun the predator
Bad taste/poison - Predator will find this unpleasant and will spit out prey/not attack same prey again
Large eyes/position of ears - predators will be detected earlier so they can escape earlier

Question 8

Why do most organisms live in temperature below 40 degrees centigrade?

Answer 8

So that their enzymes work

Question 9

What is a extremophile?

Answer 9

Micro-organisms which are adapted to live in conditions where enzymes don`t usually work because they would denature

Question 10

What is a thermophile?

Answer 10

Is a bacteria that is an extremophile that lives at very high temperatures (eg 45C- 80C)

Question 11

How do animals survive in cold climate ( Artic animals)?

Answer 11

Small surface area:

Compact rounded shape to keep their sufae