ADAPTED SPORT Flashcards
What is the structure of competition for the sport
- Minimal disability for inclusion in competition
- Grouping of athletes with similar physical or visual impairments
- Requirement for inclusion as a paralympic sport
What is required to be eligible to compete in adapted sport
athlete must have an impairment that leads to a permanent and verifiable activity limitation relevant to sport performance
What are some of the areas which are taken into consideration when determining eligibility
- Limb deficiency
- Impaired PROM
- Impaired muscle power
- High muscle tone
- Lack of control of voluntary movement
- Involuntary contractions of muscles
Who are clinical classifiers
Individuals with formal education (degree qualification) and licence to practice physiotherapy,, occupation therapy or medicine
Who are Technical classifiers
Individuals with a formal education in exercise/sport science, coaches with qualifications recognized by their national federation, retired athletes who have competed internationally
What are the general athlete disability groups
- Amputee
- CP
- SCI
- Visual impairment
- les autres
- Intellectual impairment
What is taken into consideration when classifying athletes with SCI
- Joint ROM - passive
- MMT - certain muscles will be taken into account depending sport
- Trunk function
What are the 3 classifications for people with visual impairments
B1 - From no light perception in either eye to light perception but inability to recognize shape of a hand at any distance in any direction
B2 - From ability to recognize the shape of a hand to a visual acuity of 2/60 and/or visual field of less than 5 degrees
B3 - From visual acuity above 2/60 to visual acuity of 6/60 and/or visual field of more than 5 degrees and less than 20 degrees
What is a flaw in the classification of visual impairments
It is done in a controlled room with controlled light - not accurate for many sports, i.e. skiing with flat light
What are four challenges to classification
- pain cannot be considered - if they say they cant do something because it is painful you end classification there
What are four challenges to classification
- pain cannot be considered - if they say they cant do something because it is painful you end classification there
- level of training of athlete
- Broad range of functional abilities within a sport class
- Historical separation of disability groups of athletes
Which injuries are more common in wc athletes
shoulder
arm
elbow
in athletes with visual impairment which injuries are most common
ankle, LE
In athletes with CP which injuries are most common
Knee most
Shoulder
Forearm/wrist
Leg/ankle
What are some prosthesis considerations
- Athlete-Prosthesis interface (sleeve, proper fit)
- Prosthesis - Surface interface
- Force production
What could be the downside or an incorrect prosthesis-athlete interface
Altered and reduced force production - may lead to forces travelling through body differently causing injury and shearing forces on skin - skin breakdown
How do you reduce risk of abrasion, pressure sores, blisters, and rashes from prosthetics
- Skilled fitting
- Residual limb shape and size changes monitored
- Appropriate skin care
- Appropriate rest of the residual limb
What injuries does spasticity (CP) predispose athletes to
- knee injuries commonly involve the patellofemoral joint
- Deformities of foot and ankle (e.g. equinas, equinovarus, and valgus deformities) - ankle instability
What are the focus areas when working with people with CP in sport
- Sport specific strength and ROM program
- Optimize technique
- Use of braces
- Medications decreasing muscle tone
What may a brace be used for in athletes with CP
- Reducing tone
- Improving biomechanics
- maintaining length
what are common injuries seen in WC or UE dominant sports
- Shoulders - Weight bearing joints for wheelchair propulsion and transfer
- Bicipital tendonitis and rotator cuff impingement tend to be the most common pathologies
- Suprascapular neuropathies - infraspinatus
Does athletic involvement of wheelchair users increase of decrease risk of shoulder pain
decrease
Management of shoulder injuries in w/c athletes
- Seating and equipment interface with athlete
- Posture
- muscle imbalance and joint ROM
- muscle strength and endurance of stabilizers
- biomechanics of sport performance
- Training plan and schedule
- Inflammatory management
why is rowing for w/c athletes so good?
opposite motion as w/c propulsion
